Oracle隐含参数大全

参数名称	参数值	默认值	参数描述
	_4030_dump_bitvec	4095	TRUE	bitvec to specify dumps prior to 4030 error
	_4031_dump_bitvec	67194879	TRUE	bitvec to specify dumps prior to 4031 error
	_4031_dump_interval	300	TRUE	Dump 4031 error once for each n-second interval
	_4031_max_dumps	100	TRUE	Maximum number of 4031 dumps for this process
	_4031_sga_dump_interval	3600	TRUE	Dump 4031 SGA heapdump error once for each n-second interval
	_4031_sga_max_dumps	10	TRUE	Maximum number of SGA heapdumps
	_NUMA_instance_mapping	Not specified	TRUE	Set of nodes that this instance should run on
	_NUMA_pool_size	Not specified	TRUE	aggregate size in bytes of NUMA pool
	_PX_use_large_pool	FALSE	TRUE	Use Large Pool as source of PX buffers
	__db_cache_size	163577856	FALSE	Actual size of DEFAULT buffer pool for standard block size buffers
	__dg_broker_service_names	%NULL%	TRUE	service names for broker use
	__java_pool_size	67108864	FALSE	Actual size in bytes of java pool
	__large_pool_size	8388608	FALSE	Actual size in bytes of large pool
	__oracle_base	/u01/app/oracle	FALSE	ORACLE_BASE
	__pga_aggregate_target	209715200	FALSE	Current target size for the aggregate PGA memory consumed
	__sga_target	662700032	FALSE	Actual size of SGA
	__shared_io_pool_size	0	FALSE	Actual size of shared IO pool
	__shared_pool_size	394264576	FALSE	Actual size in bytes of shared pool
	__streams_pool_size	8388608	FALSE	Actual size in bytes of streams pool
	_abort_recovery_on_join	FALSE	TRUE	if TRUE, abort recovery on join reconfigurations
	_accept_versions	%NULL%	TRUE	List of parameters for rolling operation
	_active_instance_count	%NULL%	TRUE	number of active instances in the cluster database
	_active_session_idle_limit	0	TRUE	active session idle limit
	_active_session_legacy_behavior	FALSE	TRUE	active session legacy behavior
	_active_standby_fast_reconfiguration	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE optimize dlm reconfiguration for active/standby OPS
	_adaptive_direct_read	TRUE	TRUE	Adaptive Direct Read
	_adaptive_direct_write	TRUE	TRUE	Adaptive Direct Write
	_adaptive_fetch_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	enable/disable adaptive fetch in parallel group by
	_add_col_optim_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	Allows new add column optimization
	_add_stale_mv_to_dependency_list	TRUE	TRUE	add stale mv to dependency list
	_add_trim_for_nlssort	TRUE	TRUE	add trimming for fixed char semantics
	_addm_auto_enable	TRUE	TRUE	governs whether ADDM gets run automatically after every AWR snapshot
	_addm_skiprules	%NULL%	TRUE	comma-separated list of ADDM nodes to skip
	_addm_version_check	TRUE	TRUE	governs whether ADDM checks the input AWR snapshot version
	_adjust_literal_replacement	FALSE	TRUE	If TRUE, we will adjust the SQL/PLUS output
	_adr_migrate_runonce	TRUE	TRUE	Enable/disable ADR Migrate Runonce action
	_affinity_on	TRUE	TRUE	enable/disable affinity at run time
	_aggregation_optimization_settings	0	FALSE	settings for aggregation optimizations
	_aiowait_timeouts	100	TRUE	Number of aiowait timeouts before error is reported
	_alert_expiration	604800	TRUE	seconds before an alert message is moved to exception queue
	_alert_message_cleanup	1	TRUE	Enable Alert Message Cleanup
	_alert_message_purge	1	TRUE	Enable Alert Message Purge
	_alert_post_background	1	TRUE	Enable Background Alert Posting
	_all_shared_dblinks	%NULL%	TRUE	treat all dblinks as shared
	_allocate_creation_order	FALSE	TRUE	should files be examined in creation order during allocation
	_allocation_update_interval	3	TRUE	interval at which successful search in L1 should be updated
	_allow_cell_smart_scan_attr	TRUE	TRUE	Allow checking smart_scan_capable Attr
	_allow_commutativity	TRUE	TRUE	allow for commutativity of +, * when comparing expressions
	_allow_drop_snapshot_standby_grsp	FALSE	TRUE	Allow dropping snapshot standby guaranteed restore point
	_allow_error_simulation	FALSE	TRUE	Allow error simulation for testing
	_allow_level_without_connect_by	FALSE	TRUE	allow level without connect by
	_allow_read_only_corruption	FALSE	TRUE	allow read-only open even if database is corrupt
	_allow_resetlogs_corruption	FALSE	TRUE	allow resetlogs even if it will cause corruption
	_allow_terminal_recovery_corruption	FALSE	TRUE	Finish terminal recovery even if it may cause corruption
	_alternate_iot_leaf_block_split_points	TRUE	TRUE	enable alternate index-organized table leaf-block split-points
	_always_anti_join	CHOOSE	FALSE	always use this method for anti-join when possible
	_always_semi_join	CHOOSE	FALSE	always use this method for semi-join when possible
	_always_star_transformation	FALSE	TRUE	always favor use of star transformation
	_and_pruning_enabled	TRUE	FALSE	allow partition pruning based on multiple mechanisms
	_app_ctx_vers	FALSE	TRUE	enable app ctx versioning
	_appqos_qt	10	TRUE	System Queue time retrieval interval
	_aq_tm_deqcountinterval	0	TRUE	dequeue count interval for Time Managers to cleanup DEQ IOT BLOCKS
	_aq_tm_scanlimit	0	TRUE	scan limit for Time Managers to clean up IOT
	_aq_tm_statistics_duration	0	TRUE	statistics collection window duration
	_arch_comp_dbg_scan	0	TRUE	archive compression scan debug
	_arch_comp_dec_block_check_dump	1	TRUE	decompress archive compression blocks for checking and dumping
	_arch_compress_checksums	FALSE	TRUE	enable/disable row checksums for archive compressed blocks
	_arch_compression	TRUE	TRUE	archive compression enabled
	_arch_io_slaves	0	TRUE	ARCH I/O slaves
	_arch_sim_mode	0	TRUE	Change behavior of local archiving
	_array_update_vector_read_enabled	FALSE	TRUE	Enable array update vector read
	_ash_disk_filter_ratio	10	TRUE	Ratio of the number of in-memory samples to the number of samples actually written to disk
	_ash_disk_write_enable	TRUE	TRUE	To enable or disable Active Session History flushing
	_ash_dummy_test_param	0	TRUE	Oracle internal dummy ASH parameter used ONLY for testing!
	_ash_eflush_trigger	66	TRUE	The percentage above which if the in-memory ASH is full the emergency flusher will be triggered
	_ash_enable	TRUE	TRUE	To enable or disable Active Session sampling and flushing
	_ash_min_mmnl_dump	90	TRUE	Minimum Time interval passed to consider MMNL Dump
	_ash_sample_all	FALSE	TRUE	To enable or disable sampling every connected session including ones waiting for idle waits
	_ash_sampling_interval	1000	TRUE	Time interval between two successive Active Session samples in millisecs
	_ash_size	1048618	TRUE	To set the size of the in-memory Active Session History buffers
	_asm_acd_chunks	1	TRUE	initial ACD chunks created
	_asm_admin_with_sysdba	FALSE	TRUE	Does the sysdba role have administrative privileges on ASM?
	_asm_allow_lvm_resilvering	FALSE	TRUE	Enable disk resilvering for external redundancy
	_asm_allow_only_raw_disks	TRUE	TRUE	Discovery only raw devices
	_asm_ausize	1048576	TRUE	allocation unit size
	_asm_automatic_rezone	TRUE	TRUE	automatically rebalance free space across zones
	_asm_blksize	4096	TRUE	metadata block size
	_asm_compatibility	10.1	TRUE	default ASM compatibility level
	_asm_dbmsdg_nohdrchk	FALSE	TRUE	dbms_diskgroup.checkfile does not check block headers
	_asm_direct_con_expire_time	120	TRUE	Expire time for idle direct connection to ASM instance
	_asm_disable_amdu_dump	FALSE	TRUE	Disable AMDU dump
	_asm_disable_multiple_instance_check	FALSE	TRUE	Disable checking for multiple ASM instances on a given node
	_asm_disable_profilediscovery	FALSE	TRUE	disable profile query for discovery
	_asm_disable_smr_creation	FALSE	TRUE	Do Not create smr
	_asm_disk_repair_time	14400	TRUE	seconds to wait before dropping a failing disk
	_asm_emulate_nfs_disk	FALSE	TRUE	Emulate NFS disk test event
	_asm_emulmax	10000	TRUE	max number of concurrent disks to emulate I/O errors
	_asm_emultimeout	0	TRUE	timeout before emulation begins (in 3s ticks)
	_asm_fob_tac_frequency	9	TRUE	Timeout frequency for FOB cleanup
	_asm_force_quiesce	FALSE	TRUE	Force diskgroup quiescing
	_asm_hbeatwaitquantum	2	TRUE	quantum used to compute time-to-wait for a PST Hbeat check
	_asm_imbalance_tolerance	3	TRUE	hundredths of a percentage of inter-disk imbalance to tolerate
	_asm_instlock_quota	0	TRUE	ASM Instance Lock Quota
	_asm_kfdpevent	0	TRUE	KFDP event
	_asm_kfioevent	0	TRUE	KFIO event
	_asm_libraries	ufs	TRUE	library search order for discovery
	_asm_lsod_bucket_size	13	TRUE	ASM lsod bucket size
	_asm_max_cod_strides	5	TRUE	maximum number of COD strides
	_asm_maxio	1048576	TRUE	Maximum size of individual I/O request
	_asm_partner_target_disk_part	8	TRUE	target maximum number of disk partners for repartnering
	_asm_partner_target_fg_rel	4	TRUE	target maximum number of failure group relationships for repartnering
	_asm_primary_load	1	TRUE	Number of cycles/extents to load for non-mirrored files
	_asm_primary_load_cycles	TRUE	TRUE	True if primary load is in cycles, false if extent counts
	_asm_random_zone	FALSE	TRUE	Random zones for new files
	_asm_repairquantum	60	TRUE	quantum (in 3s) used to compute elapsed time for disk drop
	_asm_root_directory	ASM	TRUE	ASM default root directory
	_asm_runtime_capability_volume_support	FALSE	TRUE	runtime capability for volume support returns supported
	_asm_secondary_load	10000	TRUE	Number of cycles/extents to load for mirrored files
	_asm_secondary_load_cycles	FALSE	TRUE	True if secondary load is in cycles, false if extent counts
	_asm_serialize_volume_rebalance	FALSE	TRUE	Serialize volume rebalance
	_asm_shadow_cycle	3	TRUE	Inverse shadow cycle requirement
	_asm_skip_rename_check	FALSE	TRUE	skip the checking of the clients for s/w compatibility for rename
	_asm_skip_resize_check	FALSE	TRUE	skip the checking of the clients for s/w compatibility for resize
	_asm_storagemaysplit	FALSE	TRUE	PST Split Possible
	_asm_stripesize	131072	TRUE	ASM file stripe size
	_asm_stripewidth	8	TRUE	ASM file stripe width
	_asm_wait_time	18	TRUE	Max/imum time to wait before asmb exits
	_asmlib_test	0	TRUE	Osmlib test event
	_asmsid	asm	TRUE	ASM instance id
	_assm_default	TRUE	TRUE	ASSM default
	_assm_force_fetchmeta	FALSE	TRUE	enable metadata block fetching in ASSM segment scan
	_async_recovery_claims	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE, issue recovery claims asynchronously
	_async_recovery_reads	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE, issue recovery reads asynchronously
	_async_ts_threshold	1	TRUE	check tablespace thresholds asynchronously
	_auto_assign_cg_for_sessions	FALSE	TRUE	auto assign CGs for sessions
	_auto_bmr	enabled	TRUE	enable/disable Auto BMR
	_auto_bmr_bg_time	3600	TRUE	Auto BMR Process Run Time
	_auto_bmr_fc_time	60	TRUE	Auto BMR Flood Control Time
	_auto_bmr_pub_timeout	10	TRUE	Auto BMR Publish Timeout
	_auto_bmr_req_timeout	60	TRUE	Auto BMR Requester Timeout
	_auto_bmr_sess_threshold	30	TRUE	Auto BMR Request Session Threshold
	_auto_bmr_sys_threshold	100	TRUE	Auto BMR Request System Threshold
	_auto_manage_enable_offline_check	FALSE	TRUE	perodically check for OFFLINE disks and attempt to ONLINE
	_auto_manage_exadata_disks	TRUE	TRUE	Automate Exadata disk management
	_auto_manage_ioctl_bufsz	2048	TRUE	oss_ioctl buffer size, to read and respond to cell notifications
	_auto_manage_num_tries	3	TRUE	Num. tries before giving up on a automation operation
	_automatic_maintenance_test	0	TRUE	Enable AUTOTASK Test Mode
	_automemory_broker_interval	3	TRUE	memory broker statistics gathering interval for auto memory
	_autotask_max_window	480	TRUE	Maximum Logical Maintenance Window Length in minutes
	_autotask_min_window	15	TRUE	Minimum Maintenance Window Length in minutes
	_autotune_gtx_idle_time	600	TRUE	idle time to trigger auto-shutdown a gtx background process
	_autotune_gtx_interval	5	TRUE	interval to autotune global transaction background processes
	_autotune_gtx_threshold	60	TRUE	auto-tune threshold for degree of global transaction concurrency
	_avoid_prepare	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE, do not prepare a buffer when the master is local
	_awr_corrupt_mode	FALSE	TRUE	AWR Corrupt Mode
	_awr_disabled_flush_tables	%NULL%	TRUE	Disable flushing of specified AWR tables
	_awr_flush_threshold_metrics	TRUE	TRUE	Enable/Disable Flushing AWR Threshold Metrics
	_awr_flush_workload_metrics	FALSE	TRUE	Enable/Disable Flushing AWR Workload Metrics
	_awr_mmon_cpuusage	TRUE	TRUE	Enable/disable AWR MMON CPU Usage Tracking
	_awr_mmon_deep_purge_extent	7	TRUE	Set extent of rows to check each deep purge run
	_awr_mmon_deep_purge_interval	7	TRUE	Set interval for deep purge of AWR contents
	_awr_mmon_deep_purge_numrows	5000	TRUE	Set max number of rows per table to delete each deep purge run
	_awr_restrict_mode	FALSE	TRUE	AWR Restrict Mode
	_awr_sql_child_limit	200	TRUE	Setting for AWR SQL Child Limit
	_b_tree_bitmap_plans	TRUE	FALSE	enable the use of bitmap plans for tables w. only B-tree indexes
	_backup_align_write_io	TRUE	TRUE	align backup write I/Os
	_backup_disk_bufcnt	0	TRUE	number of buffers used for DISK channels
	_backup_disk_bufsz	0	TRUE	size of buffers used for DISK channels
	_backup_disk_io_slaves	0	TRUE	BACKUP Disk I/O slaves
	_backup_dynamic_buffers	TRUE	TRUE	dynamically compute backup/restore buffer sizes
	_backup_encrypt_opt_mode	4294967294	TRUE	specifies encryption block optimization mode
	_backup_file_bufcnt	0	TRUE	number of buffers used for file access
	_backup_file_bufsz	0	TRUE	size of buffers used for file access
	_backup_io_pool_size	1048576	TRUE	memory to reserve from the large pool
	_backup_kgc_blksiz	9	TRUE	specifies buffer size to be used by HIGH compression
	_backup_kgc_bufsz	0	TRUE	specifies buffer size to be used by BASIC compression
	_backup_kgc_memlevel	8	TRUE	specifies memory level for MEDIUM compression
	_backup_kgc_niters	0	TRUE	specifies number of iterations done by BASIC compression
	_backup_kgc_perflevel	1	TRUE	specifies compression (performance) level for MEDIUM compression
	_backup_kgc_scheme	ZLIB	TRUE	specifies compression scheme
	_backup_kgc_type	0	TRUE	specifies compression type used by kgc BASIC compression
	_backup_kgc_windowbits	15	TRUE	specifies window size for MEDIUM compression
	_backup_ksfq_bufcnt	0	TRUE	number of buffers used for backup/restore
	_backup_ksfq_bufcnt_max	64	TRUE	maximum number of buffers used for backup/restore
	_backup_ksfq_bufsz	0	TRUE	size of buffers used for backup/restore
	_backup_lzo_size	262144	TRUE	specifies buffer size for LOW compression
	_backup_max_gap_size	4294967294	TRUE	largest gap in an incremental/optimized backup buffer, in bytes
	_backup_seq_bufcnt	0	TRUE	number of buffers used for non-DISK channels
	_backup_seq_bufsz	0	TRUE	size of buffers used for non-DISK channels
	_bct_bitmaps_per_file	8	TRUE	number of bitmaps to store for each datafile
	_bct_buffer_allocation_max	104857600	TRUE	maximum size of all change tracking buffer allocations, in bytes
	_bct_buffer_allocation_min_extents	1	TRUE	mininum number of extents to allocate per buffer allocation
	_bct_buffer_allocation_size	2097152	TRUE	size of one change tracking buffer allocation, in bytes
	_bct_chunk_size	0	TRUE	change tracking datafile chunk size, in bytes
	_bct_crash_reserve_size	262144	TRUE	change tracking reserved crash recovery SGA space, in bytes
	_bct_file_block_size	0	TRUE	block size of change tracking file, in bytes
	_bct_file_extent_size	0	TRUE	extent size of change tracking file, in bytes
	_bct_fixtab_file	%NULL%	TRUE	change tracking file for fixed tables
	_bct_initial_private_dba_buffer_size	0	TRUE	initial number of entries in the private change tracking dba buffers
	_bct_public_dba_buffer_size	0	TRUE	total size of all public change tracking dba buffers, in bytes
	_bitmap_or_improvement_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	controls extensions to partition pruning for general predicates
	_block_sample_readahead_prob_threshold	10	TRUE	controls readahead value during block sampling
	_blocking_sess_graph_cache_size	%NULL%	TRUE	blocking session graph cache size in bytes
	_blocks_per_cache_server	32	TRUE	number of consecutive blocks per global cache server
	_bloom_filter_debug	0	TRUE	debug level for bloom filtering
	_bloom_filter_enabled	TRUE	FALSE	enables or disables bloom filter
	_bloom_folding_density	16	TRUE	bloom filter folding density lower bound
	_bloom_folding_enabled	TRUE	FALSE	Enable folding of bloom filter
	_bloom_folding_min	131072	TRUE	bloom filter folding size lower bound
	_bloom_max_size	268435456	TRUE	bloom filter maximum size in bytes
	_bloom_predicate_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	enables or disables bloom filter predicate pushdown
	_bloom_predicate_pushdown_to_storage	TRUE	TRUE	enables or disables bloom filter predicate pushdown to storage
	_bloom_pruning_enabled	TRUE	FALSE	Enable partition pruning using bloom filtering
	_bloom_pushing_max	524288	TRUE	bloom filter pushing size upper bound
	_bloom_vector_elements	0	TRUE	number of elements in a bloom filter vector
	_bmr_prefered_standby	%NULL%	TRUE	standby db_unique_name prefered for standby BMR
	_branch_tagging	TRUE	TRUE	enable branch tagging for distributed transaction
	_broadcast_scn_wait_timeout	10	TRUE	broadcast-on-commit scn wait timeout in centiseconds
	_bsln_adaptive_thresholds_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	Adaptive Thresholds Enabled
	_bt_mmv_query_rewrite_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	allow rewrites with multiple MVs and base tables
	_buffer_busy_wait_timeout	100	TRUE	buffer busy wait time in centiseconds
	_buffered_message_spill_age	300	TRUE	Buffered message spill age
	_buffered_publisher_flow_control_threshold	0	TRUE	Flow control threshold for buffered publishers except capture
	_bufq_stop_flow_control	FALSE	TRUE	Stop enforcing flow control for buffered queues
	_build_deferred_mv_skipping_mvlog_update	FALSE	TRUE	DEFERRED MV creation skipping MV log setup update
	_bump_highwater_mark_count	0	TRUE	how many blocks should we allocate per free list on advancing HWM
	_bwr_for_flushed_pi	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE, generate a BWR for a flushed PI
	_cache_stats_monitor	FALSE	TRUE	if TRUE, enable cache stats monitoring
	_capture_buffer_size	65536	TRUE	To set the size of the PGA I/O recording buffers
	_capture_publisher_flow_control_threshold	0	TRUE	Flow control threshold for capture publishers
	_case_sensitive_logon	TRUE	TRUE	case sensitive logon enabled
	_causal_standby_wait_timeout	20	TRUE	Causal standby wait timeout
	_cdmp_diagnostic_level	2	TRUE	cdmp directory diagnostic level
	_cell_fast_file_create	TRUE	TRUE	Allow optimized file creation path for Cells
	_cell_fast_file_restore	TRUE	TRUE	Allow optimized rman restore for Cells
	_cell_file_format_chunk_size	0	TRUE	Cell file format chunk size in MB
	_cell_index_scan_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	enable CELL processing of index FFS
	_cell_offload_capabilities_enabled	0	TRUE	specifies capability table to load
	_cell_offload_hybridcolumnar	TRUE	TRUE	Query offloading of hybrid columnar compressed tables to exadata
	_cell_offload_predicate_reordering_enabled	FALSE	TRUE	enable out-of-order SQL processing offload to cells
	_cell_offload_timezone	TRUE	TRUE	enable timezone related SQL processing offload to cells
	_cell_range_scan_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	enable CELL processing of index range scans
	_cgs_node_kill_escalation	TRUE	TRUE	CGS node kill escalation to CSS
	_cgs_node_kill_escalation_wait	0	TRUE	CGS wait time to escalate node kill to CSS in seconds
	_cgs_reconfig_extra_wait	3	TRUE	CGS reconfiguration extra wait time for CSS in seconds
	_cgs_reconfig_timeout	0	TRUE	CGS reconfiguration timeout interval
	_cgs_send_timeout	300	TRUE	CGS send timeout value
	_cgs_tickets	1000	TRUE	CGS messaging tickets
	_cgs_zombie_member_kill_wait	20	TRUE	CGS zombie member kill wait time in seconds
	_check_block_after_checksum	TRUE	TRUE	perform block check after checksum if both are turned on
	_check_block_new_invariant_for_flashback	FALSE	TRUE	check block new invariant for flashback
	_check_ts_threshold	0	TRUE	check tablespace thresholds
	_cleanup_rollback_entries	100	TRUE	no. of undo entries to apply per transaction cleanup
	_cleanup_timeout	150	TRUE	timeout value for PMON cleanup
	_cleanup_timeout_flags	2	TRUE	flags for PMON cleanup timeout
	_clear_buffer_before_reuse	FALSE	TRUE	Always zero-out buffer before reuse for security
	_client_ntfn_cleanup_interval	2400	TRUE	interval after which dead client registration cleanup task repeats
	_client_ntfn_pinginterval	75	TRUE	time between pings to unreachable notification clients
	_client_ntfn_pingretries	6	TRUE	number of times to ping unreachable notification clients
	_client_ntfn_pingtimeout	30000	TRUE	timeout to connect to unreachable notification clients
	_client_result_cache_bypass	FALSE	TRUE	bypass the client result cache
	_client_tstz_error_check	TRUE	TRUE	Should Client give error for suspect Timestamp with Timezone operations
	_close_cached_open_cursors	FALSE	TRUE	close cursors cached by PL/SQL at each commit
	_close_deq_by_cond_curs	FALSE	TRUE	Close Dequeue By Condition Cursors
	_cluster_library	clss	TRUE	cluster library selection
	_clusterwide_global_transactions	TRUE	TRUE	enable/disable clusterwide global transactions
	_collapse_wait_history	FALSE	TRUE	collapse wait history
	_collect_undo_stats	TRUE	TRUE	Collect Statistics v$undostat
	_column_compression_factor	0	TRUE	Column compression ratio
	_column_elimination_off	FALSE	TRUE	turn off predicate-only column elimination
	_column_tracking_level	1	TRUE	column usage tracking
	_compilation_call_heap_extent_size	16384	TRUE	Size of the compilation call heaps extents
	_complex_view_merging	TRUE	FALSE	enable complex view merging
	_compression_above_cache	0	TRUE	number of recompression above cache for sanity check
	_compression_advisor	0	TRUE	Compression advisor
	_compression_chain	90	TRUE	percentage of chained rows allowed for Compression
	_compression_compatibility	11.2.0.0.0	FALSE	Compression compatability
	_connect_by_use_union_all	TRUE	FALSE	use union all for connect by
	_controlfile_autobackup_delay	300	TRUE	time delay (in seconds) for performing controlfile autobackups
	_controlfile_block_size	0	TRUE	control file block size in bytes
	_controlfile_enqueue_dump	FALSE	TRUE	dump the system states after controlfile enqueue timeout
	_controlfile_enqueue_holding_time	120	TRUE	control file enqueue max holding time in seconds
	_controlfile_enqueue_holding_time_tracking_size	10	TRUE	control file enqueue holding time tracking size
	_controlfile_enqueue_timeout	900	TRUE	control file enqueue timeout in seconds
	_controlfile_section_init_size	%NULL%	TRUE	control file initial section size
	_controlfile_section_max_expand	%NULL%	TRUE	control file max expansion rate
	_controlfile_update_check	OFF	TRUE	controlfile update sanity check
	_convert_set_to_join	FALSE	FALSE	enables conversion of set operator to join
	_coord_message_buffer	0	TRUE	parallel recovery coordinator side extra message buffer size
	_corrupted_rollback_segments	%NULL%	TRUE	corrupted undo segment list
	_cost_equality_semi_join	TRUE	FALSE	enables costing of equality semi-join
	_cp_num_hash_latches	1	TRUE	connection pool number of hash latches
	_cpu_to_io	0	FALSE	divisor for converting CPU cost to I/O cost
	_cr_grant_global_role	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE, grant lock for CR requests when block is in global role
	_cr_grant_local_role	AUTO	TRUE	turn 3-way CR grants off, make it automatic, or turn it on
	_cr_grant_only	FALSE	TRUE	if TRUE, grant locks when possible and do not send the block
	_cr_server_log_flush	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE, flush redo log before serving a CR buffer
	_create_table_in_any_cluster	FALSE	TRUE	allow creation of table in a cluster not owned by the user
	_cursor_bind_capture_area_size	400	TRUE	maximum size of the cursor bind capture area
	_cursor_bind_capture_interval	900	TRUE	interval (in seconds) between two bind capture for a cursor
	_cursor_cache_time	1800	TRUE	number of seconds a session cached cursor stay in cache.
	_cursor_db_buffers_pinned	171	TRUE	additional number of buffers a cursor can pin at once
	_cursor_features_enabled	2	TRUE	Shared cursor features enabled bits.
	_cursor_plan_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	enable collection and display of cursor plans
	_cursor_plan_hash_version	1	TRUE	version of cursor plan hash value
	_cursor_plan_unparse_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	enables/disables using unparse to build projection/predicates
	_cursor_stats_bucket	15	TRUE	Hash table buckets for cursor stats (2^).
	_cursor_stats_heap	4	TRUE	Heaps/latches for cursor stats.
	_cvw_enable_weak_checking	TRUE	TRUE	enable weak view checking
	_datafile_cow	FALSE	TRUE	Use copy on write snapshot for the renamed file
	_datafile_write_errors_crash_instance	FALSE	TRUE	datafile write errors always crash instance
	_db_16k_flash_cache_file	%NULL%	TRUE	flash cache file for 16k block size
	_db_16k_flash_cache_size	0	TRUE	flash cache size for _db_16k_flash_cache_file
	_db_2k_flash_cache_file	%NULL%	TRUE	flash cache file for 2k block size
	_db_2k_flash_cache_size	0	TRUE	flash cache size for _db_2k_flash_cache_file
	_db_32k_flash_cache_file	%NULL%	TRUE	flash cache file for 32k block size
	_db_32k_flash_cache_size	0	TRUE	flash cache size for _db_32k_flash_cache_file
	_db_4k_flash_cache_file	%NULL%	TRUE	flash cache file for 4k block size
	_db_4k_flash_cache_size	0	TRUE	flash cache size for _db_4k_flash_cache_file
	_db_8k_flash_cache_file	%NULL%	TRUE	flash cache file for 8k block size
	_db_8k_flash_cache_size	0	TRUE	flash cache size for _db_8k_flash_cache_file
	_db_aging_cool_count	1	TRUE	Touch count set when buffer cooled
	_db_aging_freeze_cr	FALSE	TRUE	Make CR buffers always be too cold to keep in cache
	_db_aging_hot_criteria	2	TRUE	Touch count which sends a buffer to head of replacement list
	_db_aging_stay_count	0	TRUE	Touch count set when buffer moved to head of replacement list
	_db_aging_touch_time	3	TRUE	Touch count which sends a buffer to head of replacement list
	_db_always_check_system_ts	TRUE	TRUE	Always perform block check and checksum for System tablespace
	_db_block_adjcheck	TRUE	TRUE	adjacent cache buffer checks - low blkchk overwrite parameter
	_db_block_adjchk_level	0	TRUE	adjacent cache buffer check level
	_db_block_align_direct_read	TRUE	TRUE	Align Direct Reads
	_db_block_bad_write_check	FALSE	TRUE	enable bad write checks
	_db_block_buffers	26023	TRUE	Number of database blocks cached in memory: hidden parameter
	_db_block_cache_clone	FALSE	TRUE	Always clone data blocks on get (for debugging)
	_db_block_cache_history	0	TRUE	buffer header tracing (non-zero only when debugging)
	_db_block_cache_history_level	2	TRUE	buffer header tracing level
	_db_block_cache_num_umap	0	TRUE	number of unmapped buffers (for tracking swap calls on blocks)
	_db_block_cache_protect	FALSE	TRUE	protect database blocks (true only when debugging)
	_db_block_cache_protect_internal	0	TRUE	protect database blocks (for strictly internal use only)
	_db_block_check_for_debug	FALSE	TRUE	Check more and dump block before image for debugging
	_db_block_check_objtyp	TRUE	TRUE	check objd and typ on cache disk read
	_db_block_chunkify_ncmbr	FALSE	TRUE	chunkify noncontig multi block reads
	_db_block_corruption_recovery_threshold	5	TRUE	threshold number of block recovery attempts
	_db_block_do_full_mbreads	FALSE	TRUE	do full block read even if some blocks are in cache
	_db_block_hash_buckets	65536	TRUE	Number of database block hash buckets
	_db_block_hash_latches	2048	TRUE	Number of database block hash latches
	_db_block_header_guard_level	0	TRUE	number of extra buffer headers to use as guard pages
	_db_block_hi_priority_batch_size	0	TRUE	Fraction of writes for high priority reasons
	_db_block_known_clean_pct	2	TRUE	Initial Percentage of buffers to maintain known clean
	_db_block_lru_latches	8	TRUE	number of lru latches
	_db_block_max_cr_dba	6	TRUE	Maximum Allowed Number of CR buffers per dba
	_db_block_max_scan_pct	40	TRUE	Percentage of buffers to inspect when looking for free
	_db_block_med_priority_batch_size	0	TRUE	Fraction of writes for medium priority reasons
	_db_block_numa	1	TRUE	Number of NUMA nodes
	_db_block_prefetch_fast_longjumps_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	Batched IO enable fast longjumps
	_db_block_prefetch_limit	0	TRUE	Prefetch limit in blocks
	_db_block_prefetch_override	0	TRUE	Prefetch force override in blocks
	_db_block_prefetch_private_cache_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	Batched IO enable private cache
	_db_block_prefetch_quota	10	TRUE	Prefetch quota as a percent of cache size
	_db_block_prefetch_skip_reading_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	Batched IO enable skip reading buffers
	_db_block_table_scan_buffer_size	4194304	TRUE	Size of shared table scan read buffer
	_db_block_temp_redo	FALSE	TRUE	generate redo for temp blocks
	_db_block_trace_protect	FALSE	TRUE	trace buffer protect calls
	_db_block_vlm_check	FALSE	TRUE	check of rvlm mapping leaks (for debugging)
	_db_block_vlm_leak_threshold	3	TRUE	Threshold for allowable vlm leaks
	_db_blocks_per_hash_latch	%NULL%	TRUE	Number of blocks per hash latch
	_db_cache_advice_max_size_factor	2	TRUE	cache advisory maximum multiple of current size to similate
	_db_cache_advice_sample_factor	4	TRUE	cache advisory sampling factor
	_db_cache_crx_check	FALSE	TRUE	check for costly crx examination functions
	_db_cache_miss_check_les	FALSE	TRUE	check LEs after cache miss
	_db_cache_pre_warm	TRUE	TRUE	Buffer Cache Pre-Warm Enabled : hidden parameter
	_db_cache_process_cr_pin_max	%NULL%	TRUE	maximum number of cr pins a process may have
	_db_cache_wait_debug	0	TRUE	trace new kslwaits
	_db_change_notification_enable	TRUE	TRUE	enable db change notification
	_db_check_cell_hints	FALSE	TRUE
	_db_disable_temp_encryption	FALSE	TRUE	Diable Temp Encryption for Spills
	_db_fast_obj_check	FALSE	TRUE	enable fast object drop sanity check
	_db_fast_obj_ckpt	TRUE	TRUE	enable fast object checkpoint
	_db_fast_obj_truncate	TRUE	TRUE	enable fast object truncate
	_db_file_direct_io_count	1048576	TRUE	Sequential I/O buf size
	_db_file_exec_read_count	105	TRUE	multiblock read count for regular clients
	_db_file_format_io_buffers	4	TRUE	Block formatting I/O buf count
	_db_file_noncontig_mblock_read_count	11	TRUE	number of noncontiguous db blocks to be prefetched
	_db_file_optimizer_read_count	8	TRUE	multiblock read count for regular clients
	_db_flash_cache_keep_limit	80	TRUE	Flash cache keep buffer upper limit in percentage
	_db_handles	750	TRUE	System-wide simultaneous buffer operations
	_db_handles_cached	5	TRUE	Buffer handles cached each process
	_db_hot_block_tracking	FALSE	TRUE	track hot blocks for hash latch contention
	_db_index_block_checking	TRUE	TRUE	index block checking override parameter
	_db_l2_tracing	0	TRUE	flash cache debug tracing
	_db_large_dirty_queue	25	TRUE	Number of buffers which force dirty queue to be written
	_db_lost_write_checking	2	TRUE	Enable scn based lost write detection mechanism
	_db_lost_write_tracing	FALSE	TRUE	Enable _db_lost_write_checking tracing
	_db_mttr_advice	ON	TRUE	MTTR advisory
	_db_mttr_partitions	0	TRUE	number of partitions for MTTR advisory
	_db_mttr_sample_factor	64	TRUE	MTTR simulation sampling factor
	_db_mttr_sim_target	%NULL%	TRUE	MTTR simulation targets
	_db_mttr_sim_trace_size	256	TRUE	MTTR simulation trace size
	_db_mttr_trace_to_alert	FALSE	TRUE	dump trace entries to alert file
	_db_noarch_disble_optim	FALSE	TRUE	Image redo logging (NOARCHIVEMODE)
	_db_num_evict_waitevents	64	TRUE	number of evict wait events
	_db_obj_enable_ksr	TRUE	TRUE	enable ksr in object checkpoint/reuse
	_db_percent_hot_default	50	TRUE	Percent of default buffer pool considered hot
	_db_percent_hot_keep	0	TRUE	Percent of keep buffer pool considered hot
	_db_percent_hot_recycle	0	TRUE	Percent of recycle buffer pool considered hot
	_db_percpu_create_cachesize	2	TRUE	size of cache created per cpu in deferred cache create
	_db_prefetch_histogram_statistics	FALSE	TRUE	maintain prefetch histogram statistics in x$kcbprfhs
	_db_recovery_temporal_file_dest	%NULL%	TRUE	default database recovery temporal file location
	_db_required_percent_fairshare_usage	10	TRUE	percent of fairshare a processor group should always use
	_db_row_overlap_checking	TRUE	TRUE	row overlap checking override parameter for data/index blocks
	_db_todefer_cache_create	TRUE	TRUE	buffer cache deferred create
	_db_writer_chunk_writes	0	TRUE	Number of writes DBWR should wait for
	_db_writer_coalesce_area_size	2211840	TRUE	Size of memory allocated to dbwriter for coalescing writes
	_db_writer_coalesce_write_limit	131072	TRUE	Limit on size of coalesced write
	_db_writer_flush_imu	TRUE	TRUE	If FALSE, DBWR will not downgrade IMU txns for AGING
	_db_writer_histogram_statistics	FALSE	TRUE	maintain dbwr histogram statistics in x$kcbbhs
	_db_writer_max_writes	0	TRUE	Max number of outstanding DB Writer IOs
	_db_writer_nomemcopy_coalesce	FALSE	TRUE	Enable DBWR no-memcopy coalescing
	_db_writer_verify_writes	FALSE	TRUE	Enable lost write detection mechanism
	_dbg_proc_startup	FALSE	TRUE	debug process startup
	_dbms_sql_security_level	1	TRUE	Security level in DBMS_SQL
	_dbrm_dynamic_threshold	33489896	TRUE	DBRM dynamic threshold setting
	_dbrm_quantum	%NULL%	TRUE	DBRM quantum
	_dbrm_readylist_chk	1	TRUE	Resource Manager Diagnostic Ready List Check
	_dbrm_runchk	0	TRUE	Resource Manager Diagnostic Running Thread Check
	_dbwr_async_io	TRUE	TRUE	Enable dbwriter asynchronous writes
	_dbwr_scan_interval	300	TRUE	dbwriter scan interval
	_dbwr_tracing	0	TRUE	Enable dbwriter tracing
	_dde_flood_control_init	TRUE	TRUE	Initialize Flood Control at database open
	_dead_process_scan_interval	60	TRUE	PMON dead process scan interval
	_deadlock_diagnostic_level	2	TRUE	automatic deadlock resolution diagnostics level
	_deadlock_resolution_incidents_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	create incidents during deadlock resolution
	_deadlock_resolution_level	1	TRUE	automatic deadlock resolution level
	_deadlock_resolution_min_wait_timeout_secs	60	TRUE	the minimum wait timeout required for deadlock resolution
	_deadlock_resolution_signal_process_thresh_secs	60	TRUE	the amount of time given to process a deadlock resolution signal
	_dedicated_server_poll_count	10	TRUE	dedicated server poll count
	_dedicated_server_post_wait	FALSE	TRUE	dedicated server post/wait
	_dedicated_server_post_wait_call	FALSE	TRUE	dedicated server post/wait call
	_default_encrypt_alg	0	TRUE	default encryption algorithm
	_default_non_equality_sel_check	TRUE	TRUE	sanity check on default selectivity for like/range predicate
	_defer_log_boundary_ckpt	TRUE	TRUE	defer media recovery checkpoint at log boundary
	_defer_log_count	2	TRUE	Number of log boundaries media recovery checkpoint lags behind
	_deferred_constant_folding_mode	DEFAULT	TRUE	Deferred constant folding mode
	_deferred_log_dest_is_valid	TRUE	TRUE	consider deferred log dest as valid for log deletion (TRUE/FALSE)
	_delay_index_maintain	TRUE	TRUE	delays index maintenance until after MV is refreshed
	_delta_push_share_blockers	0	TRUE	enable delta push if greater than the # of share blockers
	_deq_execute_reset_time	30	TRUE	deq execute reset time
	_deq_ht_child_latches	8	TRUE	deq ht child latches
	_deq_ht_max_elements	100000	TRUE	deq ht max elements
	_deq_large_txn_size	25000	TRUE	deq large txn size
	_deq_log_array_size	10000	TRUE	deq log array size
	_deq_max_fetch_count	10	TRUE	deq max fetch count
	_deq_maxwait_time	0	TRUE	Change wait times between dequeue calls
	_desired_readmem_rate	90	TRUE	The desired percentage of redo reading from memory
	_dg_corrupt_redo_log	0	TRUE	Corrupt redo log validation during archivals
	_diag_adr_auto_purge	TRUE	TRUE	Enable/disable ADR MMON Auto Purging
	_diag_adr_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	Parameter to enable/disable Diag ADR
	_diag_adr_test_param	0	TRUE	Test parameter for Diagnosability
	_diag_arb_before_kill	FALSE	TRUE	dump diagnostics before killing unresponsive ARBs
	_diag_backward_compat	TRUE	TRUE	Backward Compatibility for Diagnosability
	_diag_cc_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	Parameter to enable/disable Diag Call Context
	_diag_conf_cap_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	Parameter to enable/disable Diag Configuration Capture
	_diag_daemon	TRUE	TRUE	start DIAG daemon
	_diag_dde_async_age_limit	300	TRUE	diag dde async actions: message age limit (in seconds)
	_diag_dde_async_cputime_limit	300	TRUE	diag dde async actions: action cputime limit (in seconds)
	_diag_dde_async_mode	1	TRUE	diag dde async actions: dispatch mode
	_diag_dde_async_msg_capacity	1024	TRUE	diag dde async actions: message buffer capacity
	_diag_dde_async_msgs	50	TRUE	diag dde async actions: number of preallocated message buffers
	_diag_dde_async_process_rate	5	TRUE	diag dde async actions: message processing rate - per loop
	_diag_dde_async_runtime_limit	900	TRUE	diag dde async actions: action runtime limit (in seconds)
	_diag_dde_async_slaves	5	TRUE	diag dde async actions: max number of concurrent slave processes
	_diag_dde_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	enable DDE handling of critical errors
	_diag_dde_fc_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	Parameter to enable/disable Diag Flood Control
	_diag_dde_fc_implicit_time	0	TRUE	Override Implicit Error Flood Control time parameter
	_diag_dde_fc_macro_time	0	TRUE	Override Macro Error Flood Control time parameter
	_diag_dde_inc_proc_delay	1	TRUE	The minimum delay between two MMON incident sweeps (minutes)
	_diag_diagnostics	TRUE	TRUE	Turn off diag diagnostics
	_diag_dump_timeout	30	TRUE	timeout parameter for SYNC dump
	_diag_enable_startup_events	FALSE	TRUE	enable events in instance startup notifiers
	_diag_hm_rc_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	Parameter to enable/disable Diag HM Reactive Checks
	_diag_hm_tc_enabled	FALSE	TRUE	Parameter to enable/disable Diag HM Test(dummy) Checks
	_diag_proc_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	enable hung process diagnostic API
	_diag_proc_max_time_ms	30000	TRUE	hung process diagnostic API max wait time in milliseconds
	_diag_proc_stack_capture_type	1	TRUE	hung process diagnostic API stack capture type
	_diag_uts_control	0	TRUE	UTS control parameter
	_diag_verbose_error_on_init	0	TRUE	Allow verbose error tracing on diag init
	_dimension_skip_null	TRUE	FALSE	control dimension skip when null feature
	_direct_io_skip_cur_slot_on_error	TRUE	TRUE	Skip current slot on error
	_direct_io_slots	0	TRUE	number of slots for direct path I/O
	_direct_io_wslots	0	TRUE	number of write slots for direct path I/O
	_direct_path_insert_features	0	TRUE	disable direct path insert features
	_disable_12751	FALSE	TRUE	disable policy timeout error (ORA-12751)
	_disable_active_influx_move	FALSE	TRUE	disable active influx move during parallel media recovery
	_disable_adaptive_shrunk_aggregation	FALSE	TRUE	adaptive shrunk aggregation
	_disable_autotune_gtx	FALSE	TRUE	disable autotune global transaction background processes
	_disable_cell_optimized_backups	FALSE	TRUE	disable cell optimized backups
	_disable_cpu_check	FALSE	TRUE	disable cpu_count check
	_disable_datalayer_sampling	FALSE	TRUE	disable datalayer sampling
	_disable_duplex_link	TRUE	TRUE	Turn off connection duplexing
	_disable_fast_aggregation	FALSE	TRUE	fast aggregation
	_disable_fast_validate	FALSE	TRUE	disable PL/SQL fast validation
	_disable_fastopen	FALSE	TRUE	Do Not Use Fastopen
	_disable_fba_qrw	0	TRUE	disable flashback archiver query rewrite
	_disable_fba_wpr	0	TRUE	disable flashback archiver wait for prepared transactions
	_disable_file_locks	FALSE	TRUE	disable file locks for control, data, redo log files
	_disable_flashback_archiver	0	TRUE	disable flashback archiver
	_disable_flashback_wait_callback	FALSE	TRUE	Disable flashback wait callback
	_disable_function_based_index	FALSE	TRUE	disable function-based index matching
	_disable_gvaq_cache	FALSE	TRUE	Disable cache
	_disable_health_check	FALSE	TRUE	Disable Health Check
	_disable_highres_ticks	FALSE	TRUE	disable high-res tick counter
	_disable_image_check	FALSE	TRUE	Disable Oracle executable image checking
	_disable_implicit_row_movement	FALSE	TRUE	disable implicit row movement
	_disable_incremental_checkpoints	FALSE	TRUE	Disable incremental checkpoints for thread recovery
	_disable_incremental_recovery_ckpt	FALSE	TRUE	Disable incremental recovery checkpoint mechanism
	_disable_index_block_prefetching	FALSE	TRUE	disable index block prefetching
	_disable_initial_block_compression	FALSE	TRUE	disable initial block compression
	_disable_instance_params_check	FALSE	TRUE	disable instance type check for ksp
	_disable_interface_checking	FALSE	TRUE	disable interface checking at startup
	_disable_kcb_flashback_blocknew_opt	FALSE	TRUE	Disable KCB flashback block new optimization
	_disable_kcbhxor_osd	FALSE	TRUE	disable kcbh(c)xor OSD functionality
	_disable_kcbl_flashback_blocknew_opt	FALSE	TRUE	Disable KCBL flashback block new optimization
	_disable_latch_free_SCN_writes_via_32cas	FALSE	TRUE	disable latch-free SCN writes using 32-bit compare & swap
	_disable_latch_free_SCN_writes_via_64cas	FALSE	TRUE	disable latch-free SCN writes using 64-bit compare & swap
	_disable_logging	FALSE	TRUE	Disable logging
	_disable_metrics_group	0	TRUE	Disable Metrics Group (or all Metrics Groups)
	_disable_multiple_block_sizes	FALSE	TRUE	disable multiple block size support (for debugging)
	_disable_odm	FALSE	TRUE	disable odm feature
	_disable_parallel_conventional_load	FALSE	TRUE	Disable parallel conventional loads
	_disable_primary_bitmap_switch	FALSE	TRUE	disable primary bitmap switch
	_disable_read_only_open_dict_check	FALSE	TRUE	Disable read-only open dictionary check
	_disable_rebalance_compact	FALSE	TRUE	disable space usage checks for storage reconfiguration
	_disable_rebalance_space_check	FALSE	TRUE	disable space usage checks for storage reconfiguration
	_disable_recovery_read_skip	FALSE	TRUE	Disable the read optimization during media recovery
	_disable_sample_io_optim	FALSE	TRUE	disable row sampling IO optimization
	_disable_savepoint_reset	FALSE	TRUE	disable the fix for bug 1402161
	_disable_sec_ticks	FALSE	TRUE	disable low-res (sec) counter
	_disable_selftune_checkpointing	FALSE	TRUE	Disable self-tune checkpointing
	_disable_streams_pool_auto_tuning	FALSE	TRUE	disable streams pool auto tuning
	_disable_sun_rsm	TRUE	TRUE	Disable IPC OSD support for Sun RSMAPI
	_disable_system_state	4294967294	TRUE	disable system state dump
	_disable_system_state_wait_samples	FALSE	TRUE	Disable system state dump - wait samples
	_disable_temp_tablespace_alerts	FALSE	TRUE	disable tablespace alerts for TEMPORARY tablespaces
	_disable_thread_internal_disable	FALSE	TRUE	Disable thread internal disable feature
	_disable_txn_alert	0	TRUE	disable txn layer alert
	_disable_undo_tablespace_alerts	FALSE	TRUE	disable tablespace alerts for UNDO tablespaces
	_disable_vktm	FALSE	TRUE	disable vktm process
	_disable_wait_state	%NULL%	TRUE	Disable wait state
	_discrete_transactions_enabled	FALSE	TRUE	enable OLTP mode
	_disk_sector_size_override	FALSE	TRUE	if TRUE, OSD sector size could be overridden
	_diskmon_pipe_name	%NULL%	TRUE	DiSKMon skgznp pipe name
	_dispatcher_rate_scale	%NULL%	TRUE	scale to display rate statistic (100ths of a second)
	_dispatcher_rate_ttl	%NULL%	TRUE	time-to-live for rate statistic (100ths of a second)
	_distinct_view_unnesting	FALSE	TRUE	enables unnesting of in subquery into distinct view
	_distributed_recovery_connection_hold_time	200	TRUE	number of seconds RECO holds outbound connections open
	_dlmtrace	%NULL%	TRUE	Trace string of global enqueue type(s)
	_dm_max_shared_pool_pct	1	TRUE	max percentage of the shared pool to use for a mining model
	_dml_batch_error_limit	0	TRUE	number or error handles allocated for DML in batch mode
	_dml_monitoring_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	enable modification monitoring
	_domain_index_batch_size	2000	TRUE	maximum number of rows from one call to domain index fetch routine
	_domain_index_dml_batch_size	200	TRUE	maximum number of rows for one call to domain index dml routines
	_dra_bmr_number_threshold	1000	TRUE	Maximum number of BMRs that can be done to a file
	_dra_bmr_percent_threshold	10	TRUE	Maximum percentage of blocks in a file that can be BMR-ed
	_dra_enable_offline_dictionary	FALSE	TRUE	Enable the periodic creation of the offline dictionary for DRA
	_drop_flashback_logical_operations_enq	FALSE	TRUE	Drop logical operations enqueue immediately during flashback marker generation
	_drop_table_granule	256	TRUE	drop_table_granule
	_drop_table_optimization_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	reduce SGA memory use during drop of a partitioned table
	_ds_enable_auto_txn	FALSE	TRUE	Dynamic Sampling Service Autonomous Transaction control parameter
	_ds_iocount_iosize	6553664	TRUE	Dynamic Sampling Service defaults: #IOs and IO Size
	_ds_parse_model	2	TRUE	Dynamic Sampling Service Parse Model control parameter
	_dsc_feature_level	0	TRUE	controls the feature level for deferred segment creation
	_dss_cache_flush	FALSE	TRUE	enable full cache flush for parallel execution
	_dtree_area_size	131072	TRUE	size of Decision Tree Classification work area
	_dtree_binning_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	Decision Tree Binning Enabled
	_dtree_bintest_id	0	TRUE	Decision Tree Binning Test ID
	_dtree_compressbmp_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	Decision Tree Using Compressed Bitmaps Enabled
	_dtree_max_surrogates	1	TRUE	maximum number of surrogates
	_dtree_pruning_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	Decision Tree Pruning Enabled
	_dummy_instance	FALSE	TRUE	dummy instance started by RMAN
	_dump_common_subexpressions	FALSE	TRUE	dump common subexpressions
	_dump_connect_by_loop_data	FALSE	TRUE	dump connect by loop error message into trc file
	_dump_cursor_heap_sizes	FALSE	TRUE	dump comp/exec heap sizes to tryace file
	_dump_interval_limit	120	TRUE	trace dump time interval limit (in seconds)
	_dump_max_limit	5	TRUE	max number of dump within dump interval
	_dump_qbc_tree	0	TRUE	dump top level query parse tree to trace
	_dump_rcvr_ipc	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE enables IPC dump at instance eviction time
	_dump_system_state_scope	local	TRUE	scope of sysstate dump during instance termination
	_dump_trace_scope	global	TRUE	scope of trace dump during a process crash
	_dynamic_rls_policies	TRUE	TRUE	rls policies are dynamic
	_dynamic_stats_threshold	30	TRUE	delay threshold (in seconds) between sending statistics messages
	_eliminate_common_subexpr	TRUE	FALSE	enables elimination of common sub-expressions
	_emon_max_active_connections	256	TRUE	maximum open connections to clients per emon
	_emon_outbound_connect_timeout	30000	TRUE	timeout for completing connection set up to clients
	_emon_regular_ntfn_slaves	4	TRUE	number of EMON slaves doing regular database notifications
	_enable_Front_End_View_Optimization	1	TRUE	enable front end view optimization
	_enable_NUMA_optimization	FALSE	TRUE	Enable NUMA specific optimizations
	_enable_NUMA_support	FALSE	TRUE	Enable NUMA support and optimizations
	_enable_asyncvio	FALSE	TRUE	enable asynch vectored I/O
	_enable_automatic_maintenance	1	TRUE	if 1, Automated Maintenance Is Enabled
	_enable_automatic_sqltune	TRUE	TRUE	Automatic SQL Tuning Advisory enabled parameter
	_enable_block_level_transaction_recovery	TRUE	TRUE	enable block level recovery
	_enable_check_truncate	TRUE	TRUE	enable checking of corruption caused by canceled truncate
	_enable_cscn_caching	FALSE	TRUE	enable commit SCN caching for all transactions
	_enable_ddl_wait_lock	TRUE	TRUE	use this to turn off ddls with wait semantics
	_enable_default_affinity	0	TRUE	enable default implementation of hard affinity osds
	_enable_default_temp_threshold	TRUE	TRUE	Enable Default Tablespace Utilization Threshold for UNDO Tablespaces
	_enable_default_undo_threshold	TRUE	TRUE	Enable Default Tablespace Utilization Threshold for TEMPORARY Tablespaces
	_enable_dml_lock_escalation	TRUE	TRUE	enable dml lock escalation against partitioned tables if TRUE
	_enable_editions_for_users	FALSE	TRUE	enable editions for all users
	_enable_exchange_validation_using_check	TRUE	TRUE	use check constraints on the table for validation
	_enable_fast_ref_after_mv_tbs	FALSE	TRUE	enable fast refresh after move tablespace
	_enable_hash_overflow	FALSE	TRUE	TRUE - enable hash cluster overflow based on SIZE
	_enable_hwm_sync	TRUE	TRUE	enable HWM synchronization
	_enable_kqf_purge	TRUE	TRUE	Enable KQF fixed runtime table purge
	_enable_list_io	FALSE	TRUE	Enable List I/O
	_enable_midtier_affinity	TRUE	TRUE	enable midtier affinity metrics processing
	_enable_minscn_cr	TRUE	TRUE	enable/disable minscn optimization for CR
	_enable_nativenet_tcpip	FALSE	TRUE	Enable skgxp driver usage for native net
	_enable_obj_queues	TRUE	TRUE	enable object queues
	_enable_online_index_without_s_locking	TRUE	TRUE	Allow online index creation algorithm without S DML lock
	_enable_query_rewrite_on_remote_objs	TRUE	TRUE	mv rewrite on remote table/view
	_enable_refresh_schedule	TRUE	TRUE	enable or disable MV refresh scheduling (revert to 9.2 behavior)
	_enable_reliable_latch_waits	TRUE	TRUE	Enable reliable latch waits
	_enable_rlb	TRUE	TRUE	enable RLB metrics processing
	_enable_row_shipping	TRUE	TRUE	use the row shipping optimization for wide table selects
	_enable_sb_detection	TRUE	TRUE	Split Brain Detection
	_enable_scn_wait_interface	TRUE	TRUE	use this to turn off scn wait interface in kta
	_enable_separable_transactions	FALSE	TRUE	enable/disable separable transactions
	_enable_shared_pool_durations	TRUE	TRUE	temporary to disable/enable kgh policy
	_enable_shared_server_vector_io	FALSE	TRUE	Enable shared server vector I/O
	_enable_space_preallocation	3	TRUE	enable space pre-allocation
	_enable_spacebg	TRUE	TRUE	enable space management background task
	_enable_tablespace_alerts	TRUE	TRUE	enable tablespace alerts
	_enable_type_dep_selectivity	TRUE	FALSE	enable type dependent selectivity estimates
	_endprot_chunk_comment	chk 10235 dflt	TRUE	chunk comment for selective overrun protection
	_endprot_heap_comment	hp 10235 dflt	TRUE	heap comment for selective overrun protection
	_endprot_subheaps	TRUE	TRUE	selective overrun protection for subeheaps
	_enqueue_deadlock_scan_secs	0	TRUE	deadlock scan interval
	_enqueue_deadlock_time_sec	5	TRUE	requests with timeout <= this will not have deadlock detection
	_enqueue_debug_multi_instance	FALSE	TRUE	debug enqueue multi instance
	_enqueue_hash	529	TRUE	enqueue hash table length
	_enqueue_hash_chain_latches	1	TRUE	enqueue hash chain latches
	_enqueue_locks	3010	TRUE	locks for managed enqueues
	_enqueue_paranoia_mode_enabled	FALSE	TRUE	enable enqueue layer advanced debugging checks
	_enqueue_resources	1304	TRUE	resources for enqueues
	_evolve_plan_baseline_report_level	typical	TRUE	Level of detail to show in plan verification/evolution report
	_evt_system_event_propagation	TRUE	TRUE	disable system event propagation
	_expand_aggregates	TRUE	TRUE	expand aggregates
	_explain_rewrite_mode	FALSE	TRUE	allow additional messages to be generated during explain rewrite
	_extended_pruning_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	do runtime pruning in iterator if set to TRUE
	_fair_remote_cvt	FALSE	TRUE	if TRUE enables fair remote convert
	_fairness_threshold	2	TRUE	number of times to CR serve before downgrading lock
	_fast_cursor_reexecute	FALSE	TRUE	use more memory in order to get faster execution
	_fast_dual_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	enable/disable fast dual
	_fast_full_scan_enabled	TRUE	FALSE	enable/disable index fast full scan
	_fastpin_enable	1	TRUE	enable reference count based fast pins
	_fbda_busy_percentage	0	TRUE	flashback archiver busy percentage
	_fbda_debug_assert	0	TRUE	flashback archiver debug assert for testing
	_fbda_debug_mode	0	TRUE	flashback archiver debug event for testing
	_fbda_global_bscn_lag	0	TRUE	flashback archiver global barrier scn lag
	_fbda_inline_percentage	0	TRUE	flashback archiver inline percentage
	_fbda_rac_inactive_limit	0	TRUE	flashback archiver rac inactive limit
	_fg_iorm_slaves	1	TRUE	ForeGround I/O slaves for IORM
	_fg_log_checksum	TRUE	TRUE	Checksum redo in foreground process
	_fg_sync_sleep_usecs	0	TRUE	Log file sync via usleep
	_fic_algorithm_set	automatic	TRUE	Set Frequent Itemset Counting Algorithm
	_fic_area_size	131072	TRUE	size of Frequent Itemset Counting work area
	_fic_max_length	20	TRUE	Frequent Itemset Counting Maximum Itemset Length
	_fic_min_bmsize	1024	TRUE	Frequent Itemset Counting Minimum BITMAP Size
	_fic_outofmem_candidates	FALSE	TRUE	Frequent Itemset Counting Out Of Memory Candidates Generation
	_fifth_spare_parameter	%NULL%	TRUE	fifth spare parameter - string
	_file_size_increase_increment	52428800	TRUE	Amount of file size increase increment, in bytes
	_filemap_dir	%NULL%	TRUE	FILEMAP directory
	_first_k_rows_dynamic_proration	TRUE	FALSE	enable the use of dynamic proration of join cardinalities
	_first_spare_parameter	%NULL%	TRUE	first spare parameter - integer
	_fix_control	%NULL%	TRUE	bug fix control parameter
	_flashback_11.1_block_new_opt	FALSE	TRUE	use 11.1 flashback block new optimization scheme
	_flashback_allow_noarchivelog	FALSE	TRUE	Allow enabling flashback on noarchivelog database
	_flashback_archiver_partition_size	0	TRUE	flashback archiver table partition size
	_flashback_barrier_interval	1800	TRUE	Flashback barrier interval in seconds
	_flashback_copy_latches	10	TRUE	Number of flashback copy latches
	_flashback_database_test_only	FALSE	TRUE	Run Flashback Database in test mode
	_flashback_dynamic_enable	TRUE	TRUE	enable flashback enable code path
	_flashback_dynamic_enable_failure	0	TRUE	Simulate failures during dynamic enable
	_flashback_format_chunk_mb	4	TRUE	Chunk mega-bytes for formatting flashback logs using sync write
	_flashback_format_chunk_mb_dwrite	16	TRUE	Chunk mega-bytes for formatting flashback logs using delayed write
	_flashback_fuzzy_barrier	TRUE	TRUE	Use flashback fuzzy barrier
	_flashback_generation_buffer_size	21045248	TRUE	flashback generation buffer size
	_flashback_hint_barrier_percent	20	TRUE	Flashback hint barrier percent
	_flashback_log_io_error_behavior	0	TRUE	Specify Flashback log I/O error behavior
	_flashback_log_min_size	100	TRUE	Minimum flashback log size
	_flashback_log_rac_balance_factor	10	TRUE	flashback log rac balance factor
	_flashback_log_size	1000	TRUE	Flashback log size
	_flashback_logfile_enqueue_timeout	600	TRUE	flashback logfile enqueue timeout for opens
	_flashback_marker_cache_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	Enable flashback database marker cache
	_flashback_marker_cache_size	328	TRUE	Size of flashback database marker cache
	_flashback_max_log_size	0	TRUE	Maximum flashback log size in bytes (OS limit)
	_flashback_max_n_log_per_thread	2048	TRUE	Maximum number of flashback logs per flashback thread
	_flashback_max_standby_sync_span	300	TRUE	Maximum time span between standby recovery sync for flashback
	_flashback_n_log_per_thread	128	TRUE	Desired number of flashback logs per flashback thread
	_flashback_standby_barrier_interval	1	TRUE	Flashback standby barrier interval in seconds
	_flashback_verbose_info	FALSE	TRUE	Print verbose information about flashback database
	_flashback_write_max_loop_limit	10	TRUE	Flashback writer loop limit before it returns
	_flush_redo_to_standby	0	TRUE	Flush redo to standby test event parameter
	_flush_undo_after_tx_recovery	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE, flush undo buffers after TX recovery
	_force_arch_compress	0	TRUE	Archive Compress all newly created compressed tables
	_force_datefold_trunc	FALSE	TRUE	force use of trunc for datefolding rewrite
	_force_hsc_compress	FALSE	TRUE	compress all newly created tables
	_force_oltp_compress	FALSE	TRUE	OLTP Compress all newly created compressed tables
	_force_rcv_info_ping	0	TRUE	Force recovery info ping to stdby
	_force_rewrite_enable	FALSE	TRUE	control new query rewrite features
	_force_slave_mapping_intra_part_loads	FALSE	TRUE	Force slave mapping for intra partition loads
	_force_temptables_for_gsets	FALSE	TRUE	executes concatenation of rollups using temp tables
	_force_tmp_segment_loads	FALSE	TRUE	Force tmp segment loads
	_forwarded_2pc_threshold	10	TRUE	auto-tune threshold for two-phase commit rate across RAC instances
	_fourth_spare_parameter	%NULL%	TRUE	fourth spare parameter - string
	_frame_cache_time	0	TRUE	number of seconds a cached frame page stay in cache.
	_full_pwise_join_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	enable full partition-wise join when TRUE
	_fusion_security	FALSE	TRUE	Fusion Security
	_gby_hash_aggregation_enabled	TRUE	FALSE	enable group-by and aggregation using hash scheme
	_gby_onekey_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	enable use of one comparison of all group by keys
	_gc_affinity_locking	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE, enable object affinity
	_gc_affinity_locks	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE, get affinity locks
	_gc_affinity_ratio	50	TRUE	dynamic object affinity ratio
	_gc_async_memcpy	FALSE	TRUE	if TRUE, use async memcpy
	_gc_bypass_readers	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE, modifications bypass readers
	_gc_check_bscn	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE, check for stale blocks
	_gc_coalesce_recovery_reads	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE, coalesce recovery reads
	_gc_cr_server_read_wait	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE, cr server waits for a read to complete
	_gc_defer_ping_index_only	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE, restrict deferred ping to index blocks only
	_gc_defer_time	3	TRUE	how long to defer pings for hot buffers in milliseconds
	_gc_delta_push_compression	3072	TRUE	if delta >= K bytes, compress before push
	_gc_delta_push_max_level	100	TRUE	max delta level for delta push
	_gc_delta_push_objects	0	TRUE	objects which use delta push
	_gc_down_convert_after_keep	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE, down-convert lock after recovery
	_gc_element_percent	110	TRUE	global cache element percent
	_gc_flush_during_affinity	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE, flush during affinity
	_gc_fusion_compression	1536	TRUE	compress fusion blocks if there is free space
	_gc_global_checkpoint_scn	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE, enable global checkpoint scn
	_gc_global_lru	AUTO	TRUE	turn global lru off, make it automatic, or turn it on
	_gc_global_lru_touch_count	5	TRUE	global lru touch count
	_gc_global_lru_touch_time	60	TRUE	global lru touch time in seconds
	_gc_integrity_checks	1	TRUE	set the integrity check level
	_gc_keep_recovery_buffers	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE, make single instance crash recovery buffers current
	_gc_latches	8	TRUE	number of latches per LMS process
	_gc_long_query_threshold	0	TRUE	threshold for long running query
	_gc_max_downcvt	256	TRUE	maximum downconverts to process at one time
	_gc_maximum_bids	0	TRUE	maximum number of bids which can be prepared
	_gc_policy_minimum	1500	TRUE	dynamic object policy minimum activity per minute
	_gc_policy_time	10	TRUE	how often to make object policy decisions in minutes
	_gc_read_mostly_flush_check	FALSE	TRUE	if TRUE, optimize flushes for read mostly objects
	_gc_read_mostly_locking	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE, enable read-mostly locking
	_gc_statistics	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE, kcl statistics are maintained
	_gc_transfer_ratio	2	TRUE	dynamic object read-mostly transfer ratio
	_gc_tsn_undo_affinity	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE, use TSN undo affinity
	_gc_undo_affinity	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE, enable dynamic undo affinity
	_gc_undo_block_disk_reads	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE, enable undo block disk reads
	_gc_use_cr	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE, allow CR pins on PI and WRITING buffers
	_gc_vector_read	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE, vector read current buffers
	_gcs_disable_remote_handles	FALSE	TRUE	disable remote client/shadow handles
	_gcs_fast_reconfig	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE, enable fast reconfiguration for gcs locks
	_gcs_latches	0	TRUE	number of gcs resource hash latches to be allocated per LMS process
	_gcs_pkey_history	4000	TRUE	number of pkey remastering history
	_gcs_process_in_recovery	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE, process gcs requests during instance recovery
	_gcs_res_per_bucket	16	TRUE	number of gcs resource per hash bucket
	_gcs_resources	%NULL%	TRUE	number of gcs resources to be allocated
	_gcs_shadow_locks	%NULL%	TRUE	number of pcm shadow locks to be allocated
	_gcs_testing	0	TRUE	GCS testing parameter
	_generalized_pruning_enabled	TRUE	FALSE	controls extensions to partition pruning for general predicates
	_ges_dd_debug	1	TRUE	if 1 or higher enables GES deadlock detection debug diagnostics
	_ges_diagnostics	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE enables GES diagnostics
	_ges_diagnostics_asm_dump_level	11	TRUE	systemstate level on global enqueue diagnostics blocked by ASM
	_ges_health_check	1	TRUE	if greater than 0 enables GES system health check
	_ges_num_blockers_to_kill	1	TRUE	number of blockers to be killed for hang resolution
	_global_hang_analysis_interval_secs	10	TRUE	the interval at which global hang analysis is run
	_globalindex_pnum_filter_enabled	TRUE	FALSE	enables filter for global index with partition extended syntax
	_groupby_nopushdown_cut_ratio	3	TRUE	groupby nopushdown cut ratio
	_groupby_orderby_combine	5000	TRUE	groupby/orderby don’t combine threshold
	_gs_anti_semi_join_allowed	TRUE	FALSE	enable anti/semi join for the GS query
	_hang_analysis_num_call_stacks	3	TRUE	hang analysis num call stacks
	_hang_detection	30	TRUE	Hang Management detection interval
	_hang_ignored_hangs_interval	30	TRUE	Time ignored hangs must persist after initial verification
	_hang_log_incidents	FALSE	TRUE	Hang Manager incident logging
	_hang_long_wait_time_threshold	0	TRUE	Long session wait time threshold in seconds
	_hang_lws_file_count	5	TRUE	Number of trace files for long waiting sessions
	_hang_lws_file_time_limit	1800	TRUE	Amount of time to save long waiting session traces to file
	_hang_msg_checksum_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	enable hang graph message checksum
	_hang_output_suspected_hangs	FALSE	TRUE	Hang Management enabled output of suspected hangs
	_hang_resolution_confidence_promotion	FALSE	TRUE	Hang Management hang resolution confidence promotion
	_hang_resolution_policy	HIGH	TRUE	Hang Management hang resolution policy
	_hang_resolution_scope	OFF	TRUE	Hang Management hang resolution scope
	_hang_signature_list_output_frequency	25	TRUE	Hang Signature List output frequency
	_hang_statistics_collection_interval	0	TRUE	Hang Management statistics collection interval in seconds
	_hang_statistics_collection_react_ma_alpha	30	TRUE	Hang Management statistics collection reactive moving average alpha
	_hang_statistics_collection_react_ma_sum_delta_cnt	15	TRUE	Hang Management statistics collection react moving average sum of deltas count
	_hang_statistics_collection_smooth_ma_alpha	8	TRUE	Hang Management statistics collection smoothed moving average alpha
	_hard_protection	FALSE	TRUE	if TRUE enable H.A.R.D specific format changes
	_hash_join_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	enable/disable hash join
	_hash_multiblock_io_count	0	TRUE	number of blocks hash join will read/write at once
	_heur_deadlock_resolution_secs	0	TRUE	the heuristic wait time per node for deadlock resolution
	_high_priority_process_num_yields_before_sleep	1000	TRUE	the number of yields performed by high priority processesbefore they sleep
	_high_priority_processes	LMS*|VKTM	TRUE	High Priority Process Name Mask
	_high_server_threshold	0	TRUE	high server thresholds
	_highthreshold_undoretention	4294967294	TRUE	high threshold undo_retention in seconds
	_hj_bit_filter_threshold	50	TRUE	hash-join bit filtering threshold (0 always enabled)
	_hm_analysis_oradebug_node_dump_level	0	TRUE	the oradebug node dump level for hang manager hang analysis
	_hm_analysis_oradebug_sys_dump_level	0	TRUE	the oradebug system state level for hang manager hang analysis
	_hm_analysis_output_disk	FALSE	TRUE	if TRUE the hang manager outputs hang analysis results to disk
	_hm_verification_interval	30	TRUE	the hang manager verification interval
	_hwm_sync_threshold	10	TRUE	HWM synchronization threshold in percentage
	_idl_conventional_index_maintenance	TRUE	TRUE	enable conventional index maintenance for insert direct load
	_idle_session_kill_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	enables or disables resource manager session idle limit checks
	_idxrb_rowincr	100000000	TRUE	proportionality constant for dop vs. rows in index rebuild
	_ignore_desc_in_index	FALSE	TRUE	ignore DESC in indexes, sort those columns ascending anyhow
	_ignore_fg_deps	%NULL%	TRUE	ignore fine-grain dependencies during invalidation
	_immediate_commit_propagation	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE, propagate commit SCN immediately
	_improved_outerjoin_card	TRUE	FALSE	improved outer-join cardinality calculation
	_improved_row_length_enabled	TRUE	FALSE	enable the improvements for computing the average row length
	_imr_active	TRUE	TRUE	Activate Instance Membership Recovery feature
	_imr_avoid_double_voting	TRUE	TRUE	Avoid device voting for CSS reconfig during IMR
	_imr_device_type	controlfile	TRUE	Type of device to be used by IMR
	_imr_disk_voting_interval	3	TRUE	Maximum wait for IMR disk voting (seconds)
	_imr_diskvote_implementation	auto	TRUE	IMR disk voting implementation method
	_imr_evicted_member_kill	TRUE	TRUE	IMR issue evicted member kill after a wait
	_imr_evicted_member_kill_wait	20	TRUE	IMR evicted member kill wait time in seconds
	_imr_highload_threshold	%NULL%	TRUE	IMR system highload threshold
	_imr_max_reconfig_delay	75	TRUE	Maximum Reconfiguration delay (seconds)
	_imr_splitbrain_res_wait	0	TRUE	Maximum wait for split-brain resolution (seconds)
	_imr_systemload_check	TRUE	TRUE	Perform the system load check during IMR
	_imu_pools	3	TRUE	in memory undo pools
	_in_memory_tbs_search	TRUE	TRUE	FALSE - disable fast path for alter tablespace read only
	_in_memory_undo	TRUE	TRUE	Make in memory undo for top level transactions
	_incremental_recovery_ckpt_min_batch	500	TRUE	minimum number of writes for incremental recovery ckpt every second
	_index_join_enabled	TRUE	FALSE	enable the use of index joins
	_index_prefetch_factor	100	TRUE	index prefetching factor
	_index_scan_check_skip_corrupt	FALSE	TRUE	check and skip corrupt blocks during index scans
	_init_granule_interval	10	TRUE	number of granules to process for deferred cache
	_init_sql_file	?/rdbms/admin/sql.bsq	TRUE	File containing SQL statements to execute upon database creation
	_inject_startup_fault	0	TRUE	inject fault in the startup code
	_inline_sql_in_plsql	FALSE	TRUE	inline SQL in PL/SQL
	_inquiry_retry_interval	3	TRUE	if greater than 0 enables inquiry retry after specified interval
	_insert_enable_hwm_brokered	TRUE	TRUE	during parallel inserts high water marks are brokered
	_inst_locking_period	5	TRUE	period an instance can retain a newly acquired level1 bitmap
	_interconnect_checksum	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE, checksum interconnect blocks
	_intrapart_pdml_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	Enable intra-partition updates/deletes
	_intrapart_pdml_randomlocal_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	Enable intra-partition updates/deletes with random local dist
	_io_resource_manager_always_on	FALSE	TRUE	io resource manager always on
	_io_shared_pool_size	4194304	TRUE	Size of I/O buffer pool from SGA
	_io_slaves_disabled	FALSE	TRUE	Do not use I/O slaves
	_io_statistics	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE, ksfd I/O statistics are collected
	_ioq_fanin_multiplier	2	TRUE	IOQ miss count before a miss exception
	_ior_serialize_fault	0	TRUE	inject fault in the ior serialize code
	_iorm_tout	1000	TRUE	IORM scheduler timeout value in msec
	_ioslave_batch_count	1	TRUE	Per attempt IOs picked
	_ioslave_issue_count	500	TRUE	IOs issued before completion check
	_ipc_fail_network	0	TRUE	Simulate cluster network failer
	_ipc_test_failover	0	TRUE	Test transparent cluster network failover
	_ipc_test_mult_nets	0	TRUE	simulate multiple cluster networks
	_ipddb_enable	FALSE	TRUE	Enable IPD/DB data collection
	_job_queue_interval	5	TRUE	Wakeup interval in seconds for job queue co-ordinator
	_k2q_latches	0	TRUE	number of k2q latches
	_kcfis_caching_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	enable kcfis intra-scan session caching
	_kcfis_cell_passthru_enabled	FALSE	TRUE	Do not perform smart IO filtering on the cell
	_kcfis_control1	0	TRUE	Kcfis control1
	_kcfis_control2	0	TRUE	Kcfis control2
	_kcfis_control3	0	TRUE	Kcfis control3
	_kcfis_control4	0	TRUE	Kcfis control4
	_kcfis_control5	0	TRUE	Kcfis control5
	_kcfis_control6	0	TRUE	Kcfis control6
	_kcfis_fault_control	0	TRUE	trace level setting for KCFIS module
	_kcfis_max_cached_sessions	10	TRUE	Sets the maximum number of kcfis sessions cached
	_kcfis_metadata_io_write_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	enables writes that combine metadata and IO requests
	_kcfis_oss_io_size	0	TRUE	KCFIS OSS I/O size
	_kcfis_rdbms_blockio_enabled	FALSE	TRUE	Use block IO instead of smart IO in the smart IO module on RDBMS
	_kcfis_read_buffer_limit	0	TRUE	KCFIS Read Buffer (per session) memory limit in bytes
	_kcfis_reuse_any_cached_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	enable kcfis reuse of a kcfis caching entry with key mismatch
	_kcfis_stats_level	0	TRUE	sets kcfis stats level
	_kcfis_storageidx_diag_mode	FALSE	TRUE	Debug mode for storage index on the cell
	_kcfis_storageidx_disabled	FALSE	TRUE	Don’t use storage index optimization on the storage cell
	_kcfis_trace_level	0	TRUE	sets kcfis tracing level
	_kcfis_work_set_appliances	2	TRUE	Working Set of appliances in a KCFIS session
	_kcl_commit	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE, call kjbcommit
	_kcl_conservative_log_flush	FALSE	TRUE	if TRUE, conservatively log flush before CR serving
	_kcl_debug	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE, record le history
	_kcl_index_split	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE, reject pings on blocks in middle of a split
	_kd_symtab_chk	TRUE	TRUE	enable or disable symbol table integrity block check
	_kdbl_enable_post_allocation	FALSE	TRUE	allocate dbas after populating data buffers
	_kdi_avoid_block_checking	FALSE	TRUE	avoid index block checking on sensitive opcodes
	_kdis_reject_level	24	TRUE	b+tree level to enable rejection limit
	_kdis_reject_limit	5	TRUE	#block rejections in space reclamation before segment extension
	_kdis_reject_ops	FALSE	TRUE	enable rejection heuristic for branch splits
	_kdli_STOP_bsz	0	TRUE	undocumented parameter for internal use only
	_kdli_STOP_dba	0	TRUE	undocumented parameter for internal use only
	_kdli_STOP_fsz	0	TRUE	undocumented parameter for internal use only
	_kdli_STOP_nio	0	TRUE	undocumented parameter for internal use only
	_kdli_STOP_tsn	0	TRUE	undocumented parameter for internal use only
	_kdli_allow_corrupt	TRUE	TRUE	allow corrupt filesystem_logging data blocks during read/write
	_kdli_buffer_inject	TRUE	TRUE	use buffer injection for CACHE [NO]LOGGING lobs
	_kdli_cache_inode	TRUE	TRUE	cache inode state across calls
	_kdli_cache_read_threshold	0	TRUE	minimum lob size for cache->nocache read (0 disables heuristic)
	_kdli_cache_size	8	TRUE	maximum #entries in inode cache
	_kdli_cache_verify	FALSE	TRUE	verify cached inode via deserialization
	_kdli_cache_write_threshold	0	TRUE	minimum lob size for cache->nocache write (0 disables heuristic)
	_kdli_cacheable_length	0	TRUE	minimum lob length for inode cacheability
	_kdli_checkpoint_flush	FALSE	TRUE	do not invalidate cache buffers after write
	_kdli_dbc	none	TRUE	override db_block_checking setting for securefiles
	_kdli_delay_flushes	TRUE	TRUE	delay flushing cache writes to direct-write lobs
	_kdli_flush_cache_reads	TRUE	TRUE	flush cache-reads data blocks after load
	_kdli_flush_injections	TRUE	TRUE	flush injected buffers of CACHE NOLOGGING lobs before commit
	_kdli_force_cr	TRUE	TRUE	force CR when reading data blocks of direct-write lobs
	_kdli_force_cr_meta	TRUE	TRUE	force CR when reading metadata blocks of direct-write lobs
	_kdli_force_storage	none	TRUE	force storage settings for all lobs
	_kdli_full_readahead_threshold	0	TRUE	maximum lob size for full readahead
	_kdli_inject_assert	0	TRUE	inject asserts into the inode
	_kdli_inject_batch	0	TRUE	buffer injection batch size [1, KCBNEWMAX]
	_kdli_inject_crash	0	TRUE	inject crashes into the inode
	_kdli_inline_xfm	TRUE	TRUE	allow inline transformed lobs
	_kdli_inode_preference	data	TRUE	inline inode evolution preference (data, headless, lhb)
	_kdli_itree_entries	0	TRUE	#entries in lhb/itree blocks (for testing only)
	_kdli_memory_protect	FALSE	TRUE	trace accesses to inode memory outside kdli API functions
	_kdli_rci_lobmap_entries	255	TRUE	#entries in RCI lobmap before migration to lhb
	_kdli_readahead_limit	0	TRUE	shared/cached IO readahead limit
	_kdli_readahead_strategy	contig	TRUE	shared/cached IO readahead strategy
	_kdli_recent_scn	FALSE	TRUE	use recent (not dependent) scns for block format/allocation
	_kdli_reshape	FALSE	TRUE	reshape an inode to inline or headless on length truncation
	_kdli_safe_callbacks	TRUE	TRUE	invoke inode read/write callbacks safely
	_kdli_sio_async	TRUE	TRUE	asynchronous shared IO
	_kdli_sio_backoff	FALSE	TRUE	use exponential backoff when attempting SIOP allocations
	_kdli_sio_bps	0	TRUE	maximum blocks per IO slot
	_kdli_sio_dop	2	TRUE	degree-of-parallelism in the SIO keep pool
	_kdli_sio_fgio	TRUE	TRUE	reap asynchronous IO in the foreground
	_kdli_sio_fileopen	none	TRUE	shared IO fileopen mode: datasync vs nodatasync vs async
	_kdli_sio_flush	FALSE	TRUE	enable shared IO pool operations
	_kdli_sio_free	TRUE	TRUE	free IO buffers when not in active use
	_kdli_sio_min_read	0	TRUE	shared IO pool read threshold
	_kdli_sio_min_write	0	TRUE	shared IO pool write threshold
	_kdli_sio_nbufs	8	TRUE	maximum #IO buffers to allocate per session
	_kdli_sio_niods	8	TRUE	maximum #IO descriptors to allocate per session
	_kdli_sio_on	TRUE	TRUE	enable shared IO pool operations
	_kdli_sio_pga	FALSE	TRUE	use PGA allocations for direct IO
	_kdli_sio_pga_top	FALSE	TRUE	PGA allocations come from toplevel PGA heap
	_kdli_sio_strategy	extent	TRUE	shared IO strategy: block vs. extent
	_kdli_small_cache_limit	32	TRUE	size limit of small inode cache
	_kdli_sort_dbas	FALSE	TRUE	sort dbas during chunkification
	_kdli_space_cache_limit	2048	TRUE	maximum size of the space cache in #blocks
	_kdli_squeeze	TRUE	TRUE	compact lobmap extents with contiguous dbas
	_kdli_timer_dmp	FALSE	TRUE	dump inode timers on session termination
	_kdli_timer_trc	FALSE	TRUE	trace inode timers to uts/tracefile
	_kdli_trace	0	TRUE	inode trace level
	_kdlu_max_bucket_size	4194304	TRUE	UTS kdlu bucket size
	_kdlu_max_bucket_size_mts	131072	TRUE	UTS kdlu bucket size for mts
	_kdlu_trace_layer	0	TRUE	UTS kdlu per-layer trace level
	_kdlu_trace_session	0	TRUE	UTS session dump
	_kdlu_trace_system	0	TRUE	UTS system dump
	_kdlw_enable_ksi_locking	FALSE	TRUE	enable ksi locking for lobs
	_kdlw_enable_write_gathering	TRUE	TRUE	enable lob write gathering for sql txns
	_kdlwp_flush_threshold	4194304	TRUE	WGC flush threshold in bytes
	_kdlxp_cmp_subunit_size	262144	TRUE	size of compression sub-unit in bytes
	_kdlxp_dedup_flush_threshold	8388608	TRUE	deduplication flush threshold in bytes
	_kdlxp_dedup_hash_algo	SHA1	TRUE	secure hash algorithm for deduplication - only on SecureFiles
	_kdlxp_dedup_inl_pctfree	5	TRUE	deduplication pct size increase by which inlining avoided
	_kdlxp_dedup_prefix_threshold	1048576	TRUE	deduplication prefix hash threshold in bytes
	_kdlxp_lobcmpadp	FALSE	TRUE	enable adaptive compression - only on SecureFiles
	_kdlxp_lobcmplevel	2	TRUE	Default securefile compression
	_kdlxp_lobcmprciver	1	TRUE	Default securefile compression map version
	_kdlxp_lobcompress	FALSE	TRUE	enable lob compression - only on SecureFiles
	_kdlxp_lobdeduplicate	FALSE	TRUE	enable lob deduplication - only on SecureFiles
	_kdlxp_lobdedupvalidate	TRUE	TRUE	enable deduplicate validate - only on SecureFiles
	_kdlxp_lobencrypt	FALSE	TRUE	enable lob encryption - only on SecureFiles
	_kdlxp_mincmp	20	TRUE	minimum comp ratio in pct - only on SecureFiles
	_kdlxp_minxfm_size	32768	TRUE	minimum transformation size in bytes
	_kdlxp_spare1	0	TRUE	deduplication spare 1
	_kdlxp_xfmcache	TRUE	TRUE	enable xfm cache - only on SecureFiles
	_kdt_buffering	TRUE	TRUE	control kdt buffering for conventional inserts
	_kdu_array_depth	16	TRUE	array update retry recursion depth limits
	_kdz_hcc_flags	0	TRUE	Miscellaneous HCC flags
	_kdz_hcc_track_upd_rids	TRUE	TRUE	Enable rowid tracking during updates
	_kebm_nstrikes	3	TRUE	kebm # strikes to auto suspend an action
	_kebm_suspension_time	82800	TRUE	kebm auto suspension time in seconds
	_keep_remote_column_size	FALSE	TRUE	remote column size does not get modified
	_kernel_message_network_driver	FALSE	TRUE	kernel message network driver
	_kffmap_hash_size	1024	TRUE	size of kffmap_hash table
	_kffmop_hash_size	2048	TRUE	size of kffmop_hash table
	_kfm_disable_set_fence	FALSE	TRUE	disable set fence calls and revert to default (process fence)
	_kghdsidx_count	1	TRUE	max kghdsidx count
	_kgl_bucket_count	9	TRUE	Library cache hash table bucket count (2^_kgl_bucket_count * 256)
	_kgl_debug	%NULL%	TRUE	Library cache debugging
	_kgl_fixed_extents	TRUE	TRUE	fixed extent size for library cache memory allocations
	_kgl_hash_collision	FALSE	TRUE	Library cache name hash collision possible
	_kgl_heap_size	4096	TRUE	extent size for library cache heap 0
	_kgl_kqr_cap_so_stacks	FALSE	TRUE	capture stacks for library and row cache state objects
	_kgl_large_heap_warning_threshold	52428800	TRUE	maximum heap size before KGL writes warnings to the alert log
	_kgl_latch_count	0	TRUE	number of library cache latches
	_kgl_message_locks	64	TRUE	RAC message lock count
	_kgl_min_cached_so_count	1	TRUE	Minimum cached SO count. If > 1 can help find SO corruptions
	_kgl_multi_instance_invalidation	TRUE	TRUE	whether KGL to support multi-instance invalidations
	_kgl_multi_instance_lock	TRUE	TRUE	whether KGL to support multi-instance locks
	_kgl_multi_instance_pin	TRUE	TRUE	whether KGL to support multi-instance pins
	_kgl_mutex_wait_time	0	TRUE	KGL mutex wait time
	_kgl_time_to_wait_for_locks	15	TRUE	time to wait for locks and pins before timing out
	_kglsim_maxmem_percent	5	TRUE	max percentage of shared pool size to be used for KGL advice
	_kgsb_threshold_size	16777216	TRUE	threshold size for base allocator
	_kgx_latches	1024	TRUE	# of mutex latches if CAS is not supported.
	_kgx_spin_count	255	TRUE	Mutex spin count
	_kill_controlfile_enqueue_blocker	TRUE	TRUE	enable killing controlfile enqueue blocker on timeout
	_kill_diagnostics_timeout	60	TRUE	timeout delay in seconds before killing enqueue blocker
	_kill_enqueue_blocker	2	TRUE	if greater than 0 enables killing enqueue blocker
	_kill_java_threads_on_eoc	FALSE	TRUE	Kill Java threads and do sessionspace migration at end of call
	_kill_session_dump	TRUE	TRUE	Process dump on kill session immediate
	_kkfi_trace	FALSE	TRUE	trace expression substitution
	_kks_free_cursor_stat_pct	10	TRUE	percentage of cursor stats buckets to scan on each load, in 1/10th of a percent
	_kokli_cache_size	128	TRUE	Size limit of ADT Table Lookup Cache
	_kolfuseslf	FALSE	TRUE	allow kolf to use slffopen
	_kql_subheap_trace	0	TRUE	tracing level for library cache subheap level pins
	_ksb_restart_clean_time	30000	TRUE	process uptime for restarts
	_ksb_restart_policy_times	0, 60, 120, 240	FALSE	process restart policy times in seconds
	_ksd_test_param	999	TRUE	KSD test parmeter
	_ksdx_charset_ratio	0	TRUE	ratio between the system and oradebug character set
	_ksdxdocmd_default_timeout_ms	30000	TRUE	default timeout for internal oradebug commands
	_ksdxdocmd_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE ksdxdocmd* invocations are enabled
	_ksdxw_cini_flg	0	TRUE	ksdxw context initialization flag
	_ksdxw_nbufs	1000	TRUE	ksdxw number of buffers in buffered mode
	_ksdxw_num_pgw	10	TRUE	number of watchpoints on a per-process basis
	_ksdxw_num_sgw	10	TRUE	number of watchpoints to be shared by all processes
	_ksdxw_stack_depth	4	TRUE	number of PCs to collect in the stack when watchpoint is hit
	_kse_die_timeout	60000	TRUE	amount of time a dying process is spared by PMON (in centi-secs)
	_kse_pc_table_size	256	TRUE	kse pc table cache size
	_kse_signature_entries	0	TRUE	number of entries in the kse stack signature cache
	_kse_signature_limit	7	TRUE	number of stack frames to cache per kse signature
	_kse_snap_ring_size	0	TRUE	ring buffer to debug internal error 17090
	_kse_trace_int_msg_clear	FALSE	TRUE	enables soft assert of KGECLEAERERROR is cleares an interrupt message
	_ksfd_verify_write	FALSE	TRUE	verify asynchronous writes issued through ksfd
	_ksi_clientlocks_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE, DLM-clients can provide the lock memory
	_ksi_trace	%NULL%	TRUE	KSI trace string of lock type(s)
	_ksi_trace_bucket	PRIVATE	TRUE	memory tracing: use ksi-private or rdbms-shared bucket
	_ksi_trace_bucket_size	8192	TRUE	size of the KSI trace bucket
	_ksmb_debug	0	TRUE	ksmb debug flags
	_ksmd_protect_mode	off	TRUE	KSMD protect mode for catching stale access
	_ksmg_granule_locking_status	1	TRUE	granule locking status
	_ksmg_granule_size	4194304	TRUE	granule size in bytes
	_ksmg_lock_check_interval	%NULL%	TRUE	timeout action interval in minutes
	_ksmg_lock_reacquire_count	5	TRUE	repeat count for acquisition of locks
	_kspol_tac_timeout	5	TRUE	timeouts for TAC registerd by kspol
	_ksr_unit_test_processes	0	TRUE	number of ksr unit test processes
	_kss_quiet	FALSE	TRUE	if TRUE access violations during kss dumps are not recorded
	_ksu_diag_kill_time	5	TRUE	number of seconds ksuitm waits before killing diag
	_ksuitm_addon_trccmd	%NULL%	TRUE	command to execute when dead processes don’t go away
	_ksuitm_dont_kill_dumper	FALSE	TRUE	delay inst. termination to allow processes to dump
	_ksv_dynamic_flags1	0	TRUE	ksv dynamic flags 1 - override default behavior
	_ksv_max_spawn_fail_limit	5	TRUE	bg slave spawn failure limit
	_ksv_pool_hang_kill_to	0	TRUE	bg slave pool terminate timeout
	_ksv_pool_wait_timeout	600	TRUE	bg slave pool wait limit
	_ksv_spawn_control_all	FALSE	TRUE	control all spawning of background slaves
	_ksv_static_flags1	0	TRUE	ksv static flags 1 - override default behavior
	_ksvppktmode	0	TRUE	ksv internal pkt test
	_ksxp_compat_flags	0	TRUE	ksxp compat flags
	_ksxp_diagmode	OFF	TRUE	set to OFF to disable automatic slowsend diagnostics
	_ksxp_disable_clss	0	TRUE	disable CLSS interconnects
	_ksxp_disable_dynamic_loading	FALSE	TRUE	disable dynamic loadin of lib skgxp
	_ksxp_disable_ipc_stats	FALSE	TRUE	disable ipc statistics
	_ksxp_disable_rolling_migration	FALSE	TRUE	disable possibility of starting rolling migration
	_ksxp_dump_timeout	20	TRUE	set timeout for kjzddmp request
	_ksxp_dynamic_skgxp_param	%NULL%	TRUE	dynamic skgxp parameters
	_ksxp_if_config	0	TRUE	ksxp if config flags
	_ksxp_init_stats_bkts	0	TRUE	initial number arrays for ipc statistics
	_ksxp_max_stats_bkts	0	TRUE	max. arrays for ipc statistics
	_ksxp_ping_enable	TRUE	TRUE	disable dynamic loadin of lib skgxp
	_ksxp_ping_polling_time	0	TRUE	max. arrays for ipc statistics
	_ksxp_reaping	20	TRUE	tune ksxp layer reaping limit
	_ksxp_reporting_process	LMD0	TRUE	reporting process for KSXP
	_ksxp_send_timeout	300	TRUE	set timeout for sends queued with the inter-instance IPC
	_ksxp_skgxp_compat_library_path	%NULL%	TRUE	over-ride default location of lib skgxp compat
	_ksxp_skgxp_ctx_flags1	0	TRUE	IPC debug options flags (RAC)
	_ksxp_skgxp_ctx_flags1mask	0	TRUE	IPC debug options flags mask (RAC)
	_ksxp_skgxp_dynamic_protocol	4096	TRUE	IPC protocol override (RAC) (0/-1=*,2=UDP,3=RDS,!0x1000=ipc_X)
	_ksxp_skgxp_library_path	%NULL%	TRUE	over-ride default location of lib skgxp
	_ksxp_skgxp_rgn_ports	0	TRUE	region socket limits (0xFFFFNNXX): F=flags, N=min, X=max
	_ksxp_skgxp_spare_param1	%NULL%	TRUE	ipc ksxp spare parameter 1
	_ksxp_skgxp_spare_param2	%NULL%	TRUE	ipc ksxp spare parameter 2
	_ksxp_skgxp_spare_param3	%NULL%	TRUE	ipc ksxp spare parameter 3
	_ksxp_skgxp_spare_param4	%NULL%	TRUE	ipc ksxp spare parameter 4
	_ksxp_skgxp_spare_param5	%NULL%	TRUE	ipc ksxp spare parameter 5
	_ksxp_skgxpg_last_parameter	26	TRUE	last defined skgxpg parameter - ksxp
	_ksxp_stats_mem_lmt	0	TRUE	limit ipc statistics memory. this parameter is a percentage value
	_ksxp_testing	0	TRUE	KSXP test parameter
	_ksxp_unit_test_byte_transformation	FALSE	TRUE	enable byte transformation unit test
	_ktb_debug_flags	0	TRUE	ktb-layer debug flags
	_ktc_debug	0	TRUE	for ktc debug
	_ktc_latches	0	TRUE	number of ktc latches
	_ktslj_segext_max_mb	0	TRUE	segment pre-extension max size in MB (0: unlimited)
	_ktslj_segext_retry	5	TRUE	segment pre-extension retry
	_ktslj_segext_warning	10	TRUE	segment pre-extension warning threshold in percentage
	_ktslj_segext_warning_mb	0	TRUE	segment pre-extension warning threshold in MB
	_ktspsrch_maxsc	1024	TRUE	maximum segments supported by space search cache
	_kttext_warning	5	TRUE	tablespace pre-extension warning threshold in percentage
	_ktu_latches	0	TRUE	number of KTU latches
	_ku_trace	none	TRUE	datapump trace parameter
	_large_pool_min_alloc	65536	TRUE	minimum allocation size in bytes for the large allocation pool
	_last_allocation_period	5	TRUE	period over which an instance can retain an active level1 bitmap
	_latch_class_0	%NULL%	TRUE	latch class 0
	_latch_class_1	%NULL%	TRUE	latch class 1
	_latch_class_2	%NULL%	TRUE	latch class 2
	_latch_class_3	%NULL%	TRUE	latch class 3
	_latch_class_4	%NULL%	TRUE	latch class 4
	_latch_class_5	%NULL%	TRUE	latch class 5
	_latch_class_6	%NULL%	TRUE	latch class 6
	_latch_class_7	%NULL%	TRUE	latch class 7
	_latch_classes	%NULL%	TRUE	latch classes override
	_latch_miss_stat_sid	0	TRUE	Sid of process for which to collect latch stats
	_latch_recovery_alignment	65534	TRUE	align latch recovery structures
	_ldr_io_size	262144	TRUE	size of write IOs used during a load operation
	_ldr_pga_lim	0	TRUE	pga limit, beyond which new partition loads are delayed
	_left_nested_loops_random	TRUE	FALSE	enable random distribution method for left of nestedloops
	_lgwr_async_broadcasts	TRUE	TRUE	LGWR Asynchronous Broadcasts enabling boolean flag
	_lgwr_delay_write	FALSE	TRUE	LGWR write delay for debugging
	_lgwr_io_slaves	0	TRUE	LGWR I/O slaves
	_lgwr_max_ns_wt	1	TRUE	Maximum wait time for lgwr to allow NetServer to progress
	_lgwr_ns_nl_max	1000	TRUE	Variable to simulate network latency or buffer threshold
	_lgwr_ns_nl_min	500	TRUE	Variable to simulate network latency or buffer threshold
	_lgwr_ns_sim_err	0	TRUE	Variable to simulate errors lgwrns
	_lgwr_ta_sim_err	0	TRUE	Variable to simulate errors lgwr true async
	_library_cache_advice	TRUE	TRUE	whether KGL advice should be turned on
	_lightweight_hdrs	TRUE	TRUE	Lightweight headers for redo
	_like_with_bind_as_equality	FALSE	TRUE	treat LIKE predicate with bind as an equality predicate
	_limit_itls	20	TRUE	limit the number of ITLs in OLTP Compressed Tables
	_lm_activate_lms_threshold	100	TRUE	threshold value to activate an additional lms
	_lm_asm_enq_hashing	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE makes ASM use enqueue master hashing for fusion locks
	_lm_batch_compression_threshold	0	TRUE	GES threshold to start compression on batch messages
	_lm_better_ddvictim	TRUE	TRUE	GES better deadlock victim
	_lm_cache_lvl0_cleanup	0	TRUE	how often to cleanup level 0 cache res (in sec)
	_lm_cache_res_cleanup	25	TRUE	percentage of cached resources should be cleanup
	_lm_cache_res_type	TMHWDI	TRUE	cache resource: string of lock types(s)
	_lm_checksum_batch_msg	0	TRUE	GES checksum batch messages
	_lm_compression_scheme	zlib	TRUE	GES compression scheme
	_lm_contiguous_res_count	128	TRUE	number of contiguous blocks that will hash to the same HV bucket
	_lm_dd_ignore_nodd	FALSE	TRUE	if TRUE nodeadlockwait/nodeadlockblock options are ignored
	_lm_dd_interval	10	TRUE	dd time interval in seconds
	_lm_dd_max_search_time	180	TRUE	max dd search time per token
	_lm_dd_maxdump	50	TRUE	max number of locks to be dumped during dd validation
	_lm_dd_scan_interval	5	TRUE	dd scan interval in seconds
	_lm_dd_search_cnt	3	TRUE	number of dd search per token get
	_lm_deferred_msg_timeout	163	TRUE	deferred message timeout
	_lm_drm_disable	0	TRUE	disable drm in different level
	_lm_drm_max_requests	100	TRUE	dynamic remastering maximum affinity requests processed together
	_lm_drm_object_scan	TRUE	TRUE	enable/disable object scan to force full table scan always
	_lm_drm_window	0	TRUE	dynamic remastering bucket window size
	_lm_drm_xlatch	0	TRUE	dynamic remastering forced exclusive latches
	_lm_dynamic_lms	FALSE	TRUE	dynamic lms invocation
	_lm_dynamic_load	TRUE	TRUE	dynamic load adjustment
	_lm_enq_lock_freelist	%NULL%	TRUE	Number of ges enqueue element freelist
	_lm_enq_rcfg	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE enables enqueue reconfiguration
	_lm_enqueue_blocker_dump_timeout	120	TRUE	enqueue blocker dump timeout
	_lm_enqueue_blocker_kill_timeout	0	TRUE	enqueue blocker kill timeout
	_lm_enqueue_freelist	3	TRUE	Number of enqueue freelist
	_lm_file_affinity	%NULL%	TRUE	mapping between file id and master instance number
	_lm_global_posts	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE deliver global posts to remote nodes
	_lm_idle_connection_check	TRUE	TRUE	GES idle connection check
	_lm_idle_connection_check_interval	140	TRUE	GES idle connection check interval time
	_lm_idle_connection_kill	TRUE	TRUE	GES idle connection kill
	_lm_kill_fg_on_timeout	TRUE	TRUE	GES kill fg on IPC timeout
	_lm_lmd_waittime	8	TRUE	default wait time for lmd in centiseconds
	_lm_lmon_nowait_latch	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE makes lmon get nowait latches with timeout loop
	_lm_lms	0	TRUE	number of background gcs server processes to start
	_lm_lms_waittime	8	TRUE	default wait time for lms in centiseconds
	_lm_locks	12000	TRUE	number of enqueues configured for cluster database
	_lm_master_weight	1	TRUE	master resource weight for this instance
	_lm_max_lms	0	TRUE	max. number of background global cache server processes
	_lm_msg_batch_size	0	TRUE	GES batch message size
	_lm_msg_cleanup_interval	3000	TRUE	GES message buffer cleanup interval time
	_lm_no_sync	TRUE	TRUE	skip reconfiguration/drm syncr/synca messaging
	_lm_node_join_opt	FALSE	TRUE	cluster database node join optimization in reconfig
	_lm_non_fault_tolerant	FALSE	TRUE	disable cluster database fault-tolerance mode
	_lm_num_pt_buckets	8192	TRUE	number of buckets in the object affinity hash table
	_lm_num_pt_latches	128	TRUE	number of latches in the object affinity hash table
	_lm_postevent_buffer_size	256	TRUE	postevent buffer size
	_lm_preregister_css_restype	CF	TRUE	enqueue type that requires pre-registration to css
	_lm_proc_freeze_timeout	70	TRUE	reconfiguration: process freeze timeout
	_lm_process_batching	TRUE	TRUE	GES implicit process batching for IPC messages
	_lm_procs	320	TRUE	number of client processes configured for cluster database
	_lm_psrcfg	TRUE	TRUE	enable pseudo reconfiguration
	_lm_rcfg_timeout	489	TRUE	dlm reconfiguration timeout
	_lm_rcvinst	TRUE	TRUE	designated instance to do instance recovery
	_lm_rcvr_hang_allow_time	70	TRUE	receiver hang allow time in seconds
	_lm_rcvr_hang_check_frequency	20	TRUE	receiver hang check frequency in seconds
	_lm_rcvr_hang_check_system_load	TRUE	TRUE	examine system load when check receiver health
	_lm_rcvr_hang_kill	TRUE	TRUE	to kill receiver hang
	_lm_rcvr_hang_systemstate_dump_level	0	TRUE	systemstate dump level upon receiver hang
	_lm_res_hash_bucket	0	TRUE	number of resource hash buckets
	_lm_res_part	128	TRUE	number of resource partition configured for gcs
	_lm_ress	6000	TRUE	number of resources configured for cluster database
	_lm_send_mode	auto	TRUE	GES send mode
	_lm_send_queue_batching	TRUE	TRUE	GES send queue message batching
	_lm_send_queue_length	5000	TRUE	GES send queue maximum length
	_lm_sendproxy_reserve	25	TRUE	GES percentage of send proxy reserve of send tickets
	_lm_share_lock_opt	FALSE	TRUE	if TRUE enables share lock optimization
	_lm_spare_threads	0	TRUE	number of spare threads to be created by the GPnP master
	_lm_spare_undo	0	TRUE	number of spare undo tablespaces to be created by GPnP master
	_lm_sq_batch_factor	2	TRUE	GES send queue minimum batching factor
	_lm_sq_batch_type	auto	TRUE	GES send queue batching mechanism
	_lm_sq_batch_waittick	3	TRUE	GES send queue batching waittime in tick
	_lm_sync_timeout	163	TRUE	Synchronization timeout for DLM reconfiguration steps
	_lm_ticket_active_sendback	%NULL%	TRUE	Flow control ticket active sendback threshold
	_lm_tickets	1000	TRUE	GES messaging tickets
	_lm_tx_delta	16	TRUE	TX lock localization delta
	_lm_use_gcr	TRUE	TRUE	use GCR module if TRUE
	_lm_validate_pbatch	FALSE	TRUE	GES process batch validation
	_lm_validate_resource_type	FALSE	TRUE	if TRUE enables resource name validation
	_lm_xids	352	TRUE	number of transaction IDs configured for cluster database
	_lmn_compression	TRUE	TRUE	suppl logging for compression enabled
	_load_without_compile	NONE	TRUE	Load PL/SQL or Database objects without compilation
	_local_communication_costing_enabled	TRUE	FALSE	enable local communication costing when TRUE
	_local_communication_ratio	50	TRUE	set the ratio between global and local communication (0..100)
	_local_hang_analysis_interval_secs	3	TRUE	the interval at which local hang analysis is run
	_lock_sga_areas	0	TRUE	Lock specified areas of the SGA in physical memory
	_log_archive_avoid_memcpy	TRUE	TRUE	log archive avoid memcpy
	_log_archive_buffers	10	TRUE	Number of buffers to allocate for archiving
	_log_archive_callout	%NULL%	TRUE	archival callout
	_log_archive_network_redo_size	10	TRUE	Log archive network redo buffer size used by ARCH
	_log_archive_prot_auto_demote	FALSE	TRUE	log archive protection auto demotion
	_log_archive_security_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	log archive security enabled
	_log_archive_strong_auth	TRUE	TRUE	log archive security strong auth
	_log_blocks_during_backup	TRUE	TRUE	log block images when changed during backup
	_log_buffers_corrupt	FALSE	TRUE	corrupt redo buffers before write
	_log_buffers_debug	FALSE	TRUE	debug redo buffers (slows things down)
	_log_checkpoint_recovery_check	0	TRUE	# redo blocks to verify after checkpoint
	_log_committime_block_cleanout	FALSE	TRUE	Log commit-time block cleanout
	_log_deletion_policy	mandatory	TRUE	archivelog deletion policy for mandatory/all destination
	_log_event_queues	0	TRUE	number of the log writer event queues
	_log_file_sync_timeout	10	TRUE	Log file sync timeout (centiseconds)
	_log_io_size	0	TRUE	automatically initiate log write if this many redo blocks in buffer
	_log_max_optimize_threads	128	TRUE	maximum number of threads to which log scan optimization is applied
	_log_parallelism_dynamic	TRUE	TRUE	Enable dynamic strands
	_log_parallelism_max	1	TRUE	Maximum number of log buffer strands
	_log_private_mul	5	TRUE	Private strand multiplier for log space preallocation
	_log_private_parallelism_mul	10	TRUE	Active sessions multiplier to deduce number of private strands
	_log_read_buffer_size	8	TRUE	buffer size for reading log files
	_log_read_buffers	8	TRUE	Number of log read buffers for media recovery
	_log_simultaneous_copies	2	TRUE	number of simultaneous copies into redo buffer(# of copy latches)
	_log_space_errors	TRUE	TRUE	should we report space errors to alert log
	_log_switch_timeout	0	TRUE	Maximum number of seconds redos in the current log could span
	_logout_storm_rate	0	TRUE	number of processes that can logout in a second
	_logout_storm_retrycnt	600	TRUE	maximum retry count for logouts
	_logout_storm_timeout	5	TRUE	timeout in centi-seconds for time to wait between retries
	_longops_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	longops stats enabled
	_low_server_threshold	0	TRUE	low server thresholds
	_ltc_trace	0	TRUE	tracing level for load table conventional
	_master_direct_sends	31	TRUE	direct sends for messages from master (DFS)
	_mav_refresh_consistent_read	TRUE	TRUE	refresh materialized views using consistent read snapshot
	_mav_refresh_double_count_prevented	FALSE	TRUE	materialized view MAV refreshes avoid double counting
	_mav_refresh_opt	0	TRUE	optimizations during refresh of materialized views
	_mav_refresh_unionall_tables	3	TRUE	# tables for union all expansion during materialized view refresh
	_max_aq_persistent_queue_memory	10	TRUE	max aq persistent queue memory
	_max_cr_rollbacks	0	TRUE	Maximum number of CR rollbacks per block (LMS)
	_max_exponential_sleep	0	TRUE	max sleep during exponential backoff
	_max_io_size	1048576	TRUE	Maximum I/O size in bytes for sequential file accesses
	_max_large_io	0	TRUE	IORM:max number of large I/O’s to issue
	_max_lns_shutdown_archival_time	30	TRUE	Maximum time spent by LNS to archive last log during shutdown
	_max_protocol_support	10000	TRUE	Max occurrence protocols supported in a process
	_max_shrink_obj_stats	0	TRUE	number of segments for which shrink stats will be maintained
	_max_sleep_holding_latch	4	TRUE	max time to sleep while holding a latch
	_max_small_io	0	TRUE	IORM:max number of small I/O’s to issue
	_max_spacebg_slaves	10	TRUE	maximum space management background slaves
	_max_spacebg_tasks	1000	TRUE	maximum space management background tasks
	_max_temp_overhead	0	TRUE	max tempspc overhead
	_media_recovery_read_batch	32	TRUE	media recovery block read batch
	_mem_annotation_pr_lev	0	TRUE	private memory annotation collection level
	_mem_annotation_scale	1	TRUE	memory annotation pre-allocation scaling
	_mem_annotation_sh_lev	0	TRUE	shared memory annotation collection level
	_mem_annotation_store	FALSE	TRUE	memory annotation in-memory store
	_mem_std_extent_size	4096	TRUE	standard extent size for fixed-size-extent heaps
	_memory_broker_log_stat_entries	5	TRUE	memory broker num stat entries
	_memory_broker_marginal_utility_bc	12	TRUE	Marginal Utility threshold pct for bc
	_memory_broker_marginal_utility_sp	7	TRUE	Marginal Utility threshold pct for sp
	_memory_broker_shrink_heaps	15	TRUE	memory broker allow policy to shrink shared pool
	_memory_broker_shrink_java_heaps	900	TRUE	memory broker allow policy to shrink java pool
	_memory_broker_shrink_streams_pool	900	TRUE	memory broker allow policy to shrink streams pool
	_memory_broker_shrink_timeout	60000000	TRUE	memory broker policy to timeout shrink shared/java pool
	_memory_broker_stat_interval	30	TRUE	memory broker statistics gathering interval for auto sga
	_memory_checkinuse_timeintv	30	TRUE	check inuse time interval
	_memory_imm_mode_without_autosga	TRUE	TRUE	Allow immediate mode without sga/memory target
	_memory_initial_sga_split_perc	60	TRUE	Initial default sga target percentage with memory target
	_memory_management_tracing	0	TRUE	trace memory management activity
	_memory_mgmt_fail_immreq	FALSE	TRUE	always fail immediate mode request
	_memory_mgmt_immreq_timeout	150	TRUE	time in seconds to time out immediate mode request
	_memory_nocancel_defsgareq	FALSE	TRUE	do not cancel deferred sga reqs with auto-memory
	_memory_sanity_check	0	TRUE	partial granule sanity check
	_messages	300	TRUE	message queue resources - dependent on # processes & # buffers
	_mgd_rcv_handle_orphan_datafiles	FALSE	TRUE	Managed recovery handle orphan datafile situation
	_midtier_affinity_clusterwait_threshold	100	TRUE	cluster wait threshold to enter affinity
	_midtier_affinity_goodness_threshold	2000	TRUE	goodness gradient threshold to dissolve affinity
	_minfree_plus	0	TRUE	max percentage of block space + minfree before we mark block full
	_minimal_stats_aggregation	TRUE	FALSE	prohibit stats aggregation at compile/partition maintenance time
	_minimum_blocks_to_shrink	0	TRUE	minimum number freeable blocks for shrink to be present
	_minimum_db_flashback_retention	60	TRUE	Minimum flashback retention
	_minimum_extents_to_shrink	1	TRUE	minimum number freeable extents for shrink to be present
	_minimum_giga_scn	0	TRUE	Minimum SCN to start with in 2^30 units
	_mirror_redo_buffers	FALSE	TRUE	Save buffers for debugging redo corruptions
	_mmv_query_rewrite_enabled	TRUE	FALSE	allow rewrites with multiple MVs and/or base tables
	_mpmt_enabled	FALSE	TRUE	MPMT mode enabled
	_multi_instance_pmr	TRUE	TRUE	force multi instance or single instance parallel recovery
	_multi_join_key_table_lookup	TRUE	TRUE	TRUE iff multi-join-key table lookup prefetch is enabled
	_multiple_instance_recovery	FALSE	TRUE	use multiple instances for media recovery
	_mv_generalized_oj_refresh_opt	TRUE	TRUE	enable/disable new algorithm for MJV with generalized outer joins
	_mv_refresh_ana	0	TRUE	what percent to analyze after complete/PCT refresh
	_mv_refresh_costing	rule	TRUE	refresh decision based on cost or on rules
	_mv_refresh_delta_fraction	10	TRUE	delta mv as fractional percentage of size of mv
	_mv_refresh_enhanced_dml_detection	ON_RC	TRUE	enable enhanced detection of DML types from MV log
	_mv_refresh_eut	TRUE	TRUE	refresh materialized views using EUT(partition)-based algorithm
	_mv_refresh_force_parallel_query	0	TRUE	force materialized view refreshes to use parallel query
	_mv_refresh_new_setup_disabled	FALSE	TRUE	materialized view MV refresh new setup disabling
	_mv_refresh_pkfk_data_units_opt	auto	TRUE	control MV refresh based on the assumption of PK-FK data units
	_mv_refresh_pkfk_relationship_opt	TRUE	TRUE	control MV refresh based on the use of PK-FK relationships
	_mv_refresh_rebuild_percentage	10	TRUE	minimum percentage change required in MV to force an indexrebuild
	_mv_refresh_selections	TRUE	TRUE	create materialized views with selections and fast refresh
	_mv_refresh_use_no_merge	TRUE	TRUE	use no_merge hint in queries
	_mv_refresh_use_stats	FALSE	TRUE	pass cardinality hints to refresh queries
	_mv_refsched_timeincr	300000	TRUE	proportionality constant for dop vs. time in MV refresh
	_mv_rolling_inv	FALSE	TRUE	create/alter mv uses rolling cursor invalidation instead of immediate
	_mwin_schedule	TRUE	TRUE	Enable/disable Maintenance Window Schedules
	_nchar_imp_cnv	TRUE	TRUE	NLS allow Implicit Conversion between CHAR and NCHAR
	_nchar_imp_conv	TRUE	TRUE	should implicit conversion bewteen clob and nclob be allowed
	_ncmb_readahead_enabled	0	TRUE	enable multi-block readahead for an index scan
	_ncmb_readahead_tracing	0	TRUE	turn on multi-block readahead tracing
	_ncomp_shared_objects_dir	%NULL%	TRUE	native compilation shared objects dir
	_nested_loop_fudge	100	TRUE	nested loop fudge
	_nested_mav_fast_oncommit_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	nested MAV refresh fast on commit allowed
	_new_initial_join_orders	TRUE	FALSE	enable initial join orders based on new ordering heuristics
	_new_sort_cost_estimate	TRUE	FALSE	enables the use of new cost estimate for sort
	_newsort_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	controls whether new sorts can be used as system sort
	_newsort_ordered_pct	63	TRUE	controls when new sort avoids sorting ordered input
	_newsort_type	0	TRUE	specifies options for the new sort algorithm
	_nlj_batching_enabled	1	FALSE	enable batching of the RHS IO in NLJ
	_nlj_batching_misses_enabled	1	TRUE	enable exceptions for buffer cache misses
	_no_objects	FALSE	TRUE	no object features are used
	_no_or_expansion	FALSE	TRUE	OR expansion during optimization disabled
	_no_recovery_through_resetlogs	FALSE	TRUE	no recovery through this resetlogs operation
	_noseg_for_unusable_index_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	no segments for unusable indexes if set to TRUE
	_notify_crs	FALSE	TRUE	notify cluster ready services of startup and shutdown
	_ns_max_flush_wt	1	TRUE	Flush wait time for NetServer to flush oustanding writes
	_ns_max_send_delay	15	TRUE	Data Loss Time Bound for NetServer
	_num_longop_child_latches	1	TRUE	number of child latches for long op array
	_numa_trace_level	0	TRUE	numa trace event
	_number_cached_attributes	10	TRUE	maximum number of cached attributes per instance
	_obj_ckpt_tracing	0	TRUE	Enable object checkpoint tracing
	_object_number_cache_size	5	TRUE	Object number cache size
	_object_reuse_bast	2	TRUE	if 1 or higher, handle object reuse
	_object_statistics	TRUE	TRUE	enable the object level statistics collection
	_object_stats_max_entries	3072	TRUE	Maximum number of entries to be tracked per stat
	_offline_rollback_segments	%NULL%	TRUE	offline undo segment list
	_ogms_home	%NULL%	TRUE	GMS home directory
	_olap_adv_comp_stats_cc_precomp	20	TRUE	do additional predicate stats analysis for AW rowsource
	_olap_adv_comp_stats_max_rows	100000	TRUE	do additional predicate stats analysis for AW rowsource
	_olap_aggregate_buffer_size	1048576	TRUE	OLAP Aggregate max buffer size
	_olap_aggregate_flags	0	TRUE	OLAP Aggregate debug flags
	_olap_aggregate_function_cache_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	OLAP Aggregate function cache enabler
	_olap_aggregate_function_merge_threshold	529	TRUE	OLAP Aggregate function merge threshold
	_olap_aggregate_max_thread_tuples	5000	TRUE	OLAP Aggregate max thread tuples creation
	_olap_aggregate_min_buffer_size	1024	TRUE	OLAP Aggregate min buffer size
	_olap_aggregate_min_thread_status	64	TRUE	OLAP Aggregate minimum cardinality of dimensions for thread
	_olap_aggregate_multipath_hier	FALSE	TRUE	OLAP Aggregate Multi-path Hierarhies enabled
	_olap_aggregate_statlen_thresh	1024	TRUE	OLAP Aggregate status array usage threshold
	_olap_aggregate_store_probability	100	TRUE	OLAP Aggregate function storeback probability
	_olap_aggregate_work_per_thread	1024	TRUE	OLAP Aggregate max work parents
	_olap_aggregate_worklist_max	5000	TRUE	OLAP Aggregate max worklists generated at once
	_olap_allocate_errorlog_format	%8p %8y %8z %e (%n)	TRUE	OLAP Allocate Errorlog Format
	_olap_allocate_errorlog_header	Dim Source Basis%BR%%-8d %-8s %-8b Description%BR%——– ——– ——– ———–	TRUE	OLAP Allocate Errorlog Header format
	_olap_analyze_max	10000	TRUE	OLAP DML ANALYZE command max cells to analyze
	_olap_continuous_trace_file	false	TRUE	OLAP logging definition
	_olap_dbgoutfile_echo_to_eventlog	FALSE	TRUE	OLAP DbgOutfile copy output to event log (tracefile)
	_olap_dimension_corehash_large	50000	TRUE	OLAP Dimension In-Core Hash Table Large Threshold
	_olap_dimension_corehash_pressure	90	TRUE	OLAP Dimension In-Core Hash Table Pressure Threshold
	_olap_dimension_corehash_size	30	TRUE	OLAP Dimension In-Core Hash Table Maximum Memory Use
	_olap_dimension_corehash_small	1000	TRUE	OLAP Dimension In-Core Hash Table Small Threshold
	_olap_eif_export_lob_size	2147483647	TRUE	OLAP EIF Export BLOB size
	_olap_lmgen_dim_size	100	TRUE	Limitmap generator dimension column size
	_olap_lmgen_meas_size	1000	TRUE	Limitmap generator measure column size
	_olap_object_hash_class	3	TRUE	OLAP Object Hash Table Class
	_olap_page_pool_expand_rate	20	TRUE	OLAP Page Pool Expand Rate
	_olap_page_pool_hi	50	TRUE	OLAP Page Pool High Watermark
	_olap_page_pool_hit_target	100	TRUE	OLAP Page Pool Hit Target
	_olap_page_pool_low	262144	TRUE	OLAP Page Pool Low Watermark
	_olap_page_pool_pressure	90	TRUE	OLAP Page Pool Pressure Threshold
	_olap_page_pool_shrink_rate	50	TRUE	OLAP Page Pool Shrink Rate
	_olap_parallel_update_small_group	400	TRUE	OLAP parallel update pagespace by group
	_olap_parallel_update_small_threshold	1000	TRUE	OLAP parallel update threshold for number of small pagespaces
	_olap_parallel_update_threshold	1000	TRUE	OLAP parallel update threshold in pages
	_olap_sesscache_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	OLAP Session Cache knob
	_olap_sort_buffer_pct	10	TRUE	OLAP Sort Buffer Size Percentage
	_olap_sort_buffer_size	262144	TRUE	OLAP Sort Buffer Size
	_olap_statbool_corebits	20000000	TRUE	OLAP Status Boolean max incore bits
	_olap_statbool_threshold	8100	TRUE	OLAP Status Boolean CBM threshold
	_olap_table_function_statistics	FALSE	TRUE	Specify TRUE to output OLAP table function timed statistics trace
	_olap_wrap_errors	FALSE	TRUE	Wrap error messages to OLAP outfile
	_olapi_history_retention	FALSE	TRUE	enable olapi history retention
	_olapi_iface_object_history	1000	TRUE	enable olapi interface object history collection
	_olapi_iface_object_history_retention	FALSE	TRUE	enable olapi interface object history retention
	_olapi_iface_operation_history_retention	FALSE	TRUE	enable olapi interface operation history retention
	_olapi_interface_operation_history	1000	TRUE	enable olapi interface operation history collection
	_olapi_memory_operation_history	1000	TRUE	enable olapi memory alloc/free history collection
	_olapi_memory_operation_history_pause_at_seqno	0	TRUE	enable olapi memory alloc/free history collection pausing
	_olapi_memory_operation_history_retention	FALSE	TRUE	enable olapi memory operation history retention
	_olapi_session_history	300	TRUE	enable olapi session history collection
	_olapi_session_history_retention	FALSE	TRUE	enable olapi session history retention
	_old_connect_by_enabled	FALSE	TRUE	enable/disable old connect by
	_ols_cleanup_task	TRUE	TRUE	Clean up unnecessary entries in OLS sessinfo table
	_oltp_compression	TRUE	TRUE	oltp compression enabled
	_oltp_compression_gain	10	TRUE	oltp compression gain
	_omf	enabled	TRUE	enable/disable OMF
	_oneside_colstat_for_equijoins	TRUE	TRUE	sanity check on default selectivity for like/range predicate
	_online_patch_disable_stack_check	FALSE	TRUE	disable check for function on stack for online patches
	_optim_adjust_for_part_skews	TRUE	FALSE	adjust stats for skews across partitions
	_optim_dict_stats_at_db_cr_upg	TRUE	TRUE	enable/disable dictionary stats gathering at db create/upgrade
	_optim_enhance_nnull_detection	TRUE	FALSE	TRUE to enable index [fast] full scan more often
	_optim_new_default_join_sel	TRUE	FALSE	improves the way default equijoin selectivity are computed
	_optim_peek_user_binds	TRUE	FALSE	enable peeking of user binds
	_optimizer_adaptive_cursor_sharing	TRUE	FALSE	optimizer adaptive cursor sharing
	_optimizer_adjust_for_nulls	TRUE	TRUE	adjust selectivity for null values
	_optimizer_autostats_job	TRUE	TRUE	enable/disable auto stats collection job
	_optimizer_aw_join_push_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	Enables AW Join Push optimization
	_optimizer_aw_stats_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	Enables statistcs on AW olap_table table function
	_optimizer_better_inlist_costing	ALL	FALSE	enable improved costing of index access using in-list(s)
	_optimizer_block_size	8192	TRUE	standard block size used by optimizer
	_optimizer_cache_stats	FALSE	TRUE	cost with cache statistics
	_optimizer_cartesian_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	optimizer cartesian join enabled
	_optimizer_cbqt_factor	50	TRUE	cost factor for cost-based query transformation
	_optimizer_cbqt_no_size_restriction	TRUE	FALSE	disable cost based transformation query size restriction
	_optimizer_ceil_cost	TRUE	TRUE	CEIL cost in CBO
	_optimizer_coalesce_subqueries	TRUE	FALSE	consider coalescing of subqueries optimization
	_optimizer_complex_pred_selectivity	TRUE	FALSE	enable selectivity estimation for builtin functions
	_optimizer_compute_index_stats	TRUE	FALSE	force index stats collection on index creation/rebuild
	_optimizer_connect_by_cb_whr_only	FALSE	TRUE	use cost-based transformation for whr clause in connect by
	_optimizer_connect_by_combine_sw	TRUE	FALSE	combine no filtering connect by and start with
	_optimizer_connect_by_cost_based	TRUE	FALSE	use cost-based transformation for connect by
	_optimizer_connect_by_elim_dups	TRUE	FALSE	allow connect by to eliminate duplicates from input
	_optimizer_correct_sq_selectivity	TRUE	FALSE	force correct computation of subquery selectivity
	_optimizer_cost_based_transformation	LINEAR	FALSE	enables cost-based query transformation
	_optimizer_cost_filter_pred	FALSE	TRUE	enables costing of filter predicates in IO cost model
	_optimizer_cost_hjsmj_multimatch	TRUE	FALSE	add cost of generating result set when #rows per key > 1
	_optimizer_cost_model	CHOOSE	FALSE	optimizer cost model
	_optimizer_degree	0	TRUE	force the optimizer to use the same degree of parallelism
	_optimizer_dim_subq_join_sel	TRUE	FALSE	use join selectivity in choosing star transformation dimensions
	_optimizer_disable_strans_sanity_checks	0	TRUE	disable star transformation sanity checks
	_optimizer_distinct_agg_transform	TRUE	FALSE	Transforms Distinct Aggregates to non-distinct aggregates
	_optimizer_distinct_elimination	TRUE	FALSE	Eliminates redundant SELECT DISTNCT’s
	_optimizer_distinct_placement	TRUE	FALSE	consider distinct placement optimization
	_optimizer_dyn_smp_blks	32	TRUE	number of blocks for optimizer dynamic sampling
	_optimizer_eliminate_filtering_join	TRUE	FALSE	optimizer filtering join elimination enabled
	_optimizer_enable_density_improvements	TRUE	FALSE	use improved density computation for selectivity estimation
	_optimizer_enable_extended_stats	TRUE	FALSE	use extended statistics for selectivity estimation
	_optimizer_enhanced_filter_push	TRUE	FALSE	push filters before trying cost-based query transformation
	_optimizer_extend_jppd_view_types	TRUE	FALSE	join pred pushdown on group-by, distinct, semi-/anti-joined view
	_optimizer_extended_cursor_sharing	UDO	FALSE	optimizer extended cursor sharing
	_optimizer_extended_cursor_sharing_rel	SIMPLE	FALSE	optimizer extended cursor sharing for relational operators
	_optimizer_extended_stats_usage_control	224	FALSE	controls the optimizer usage of extended stats
	_optimizer_fast_access_pred_analysis	TRUE	FALSE	use fast algorithm to traverse predicates for physical optimizer
	_optimizer_fast_pred_transitivity	TRUE	FALSE	use fast algorithm to generate transitive predicates
	_optimizer_feedback_control	%NULL%	TRUE	controls the optimizer feedback framework
	_optimizer_filter_pred_pullup	TRUE	FALSE	use cost-based flter predicate pull up transformation
	_optimizer_fkr_index_cost_bias	10	FALSE	Optimizer index bias over FTS/IFFS under first K rows mode
	_optimizer_force_CBQT	%NULL%	TRUE	force CBQT transformation regardless of cost
	_optimizer_free_transformation_heap	TRUE	TRUE	free transformation subheap after each transformation
	_optimizer_group_by_placement	TRUE	FALSE	consider group-by placement optimization
	_optimizer_ignore_hints	FALSE	TRUE	enables the embedded hints to be ignored
	_optimizer_improve_selectivity	TRUE	FALSE	improve table and partial overlap join selectivity computation
	_optimizer_instance_count	0	TRUE	force the optimizer to use the specified number of instances
	_optimizer_invalidation_period	18000	TRUE	time window for invalidation of cursors of analyzed objects
	_optimizer_join_elimination_enabled	TRUE	FALSE	optimizer join elimination enabled
	_optimizer_join_factorization	TRUE	FALSE	use join factorization transformation
	_optimizer_join_order_control	3	FALSE	controls the optimizer join order search algorithm
	_optimizer_join_sel_sanity_check	TRUE	FALSE	enable/disable sanity check for multi-column join selectivity
	_optimizer_max_permutations	2000	FALSE	optimizer maximum join permutations per query block
	_optimizer_min_cache_blocks	10	TRUE	set minimum cached blocks
	_optimizer_mjc_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	enable merge join cartesian
	_optimizer_mode_force	TRUE	FALSE	force setting of optimizer mode for user recursive SQL also
	_optimizer_multi_level_push_pred	TRUE	FALSE	consider join-predicate pushdown that requires multi-level pushdown to base table
	_optimizer_multiple_cenv	%NULL%	TRUE	generate and run plans using several compilation environments
	_optimizer_multiple_cenv_report	result	TRUE	control what to report in trace file when run in multi-plan mode
	_optimizer_multiple_cenv_stmt	query	TRUE	control the types of statements that are run in multi-plan mode
	_optimizer_native_full_outer_join	FORCE	FALSE	execute full outer join using native implementaion
	_optimizer_nested_rollup_for_gset	100	TRUE	number of groups above which we use nested rollup exec for gset
	_optimizer_new_join_card_computation	TRUE	FALSE	compute join cardinality using non-rounded input values
	_optimizer_null_aware_antijoin	TRUE	FALSE	null-aware antijoin parameter
	_optimizer_or_expansion	DEPTH	FALSE	control or expansion approach used
	_optimizer_or_expansion_subheap	TRUE	TRUE	Use subheap for optimizer or-expansion
	_optimizer_order_by_elimination_enabled	TRUE	FALSE	Eliminates order bys from views before query transformation
	_optimizer_outer_to_anti_enabled	TRUE	FALSE	Enable transformation of outer-join to anti-join if possible
	_optimizer_percent_parallel	101	TRUE	optimizer percent parallel
	_optimizer_push_down_distinct	0	FALSE	push down distinct from query block to table
	_optimizer_push_pred_cost_based	TRUE	FALSE	use cost-based query transformation for push pred optimization
	_optimizer_random_plan	0	TRUE	optimizer seed value for random plans
	_optimizer_reuse_cost_annotations	TRUE	TRUE	reuse cost annotations during cost-based query transformation
	_optimizer_rownum_bind_default	10	FALSE	Default value to use for rownum bind
	_optimizer_rownum_pred_based_fkr	TRUE	FALSE	enable the use of first K rows due to rownum predicate
	_optimizer_save_stats	TRUE	TRUE	enable/disable saving old versions of optimizer stats
	_optimizer_search_limit	5	TRUE	optimizer search limit
	_optimizer_self_induced_cache_cost	FALSE	TRUE	account for self-induced caching
	_optimizer_skip_scan_enabled	TRUE	FALSE	enable/disable index skip scan
	_optimizer_skip_scan_guess	FALSE	TRUE	consider index skip scan for predicates with guessed selectivity
	_optimizer_sortmerge_join_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	enable/disable sort-merge join method
	_optimizer_sortmerge_join_inequality	TRUE	FALSE	enable/disable sort-merge join using inequality predicates
	_optimizer_squ_bottomup	TRUE	FALSE	enables unnesting of subquery in a bottom-up manner
	_optimizer_star_tran_in_with_clause	TRUE	FALSE	enable/disable star transformation in with clause queries
	_optimizer_star_trans_min_cost	0	TRUE	optimizer star transformation minimum cost
	_optimizer_star_trans_min_ratio	0	TRUE	optimizer star transformation minimum ratio
	_optimizer_starplan_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	optimizer star plan enabled
	_optimizer_system_stats_usage	TRUE	FALSE	system statistics usage
	_optimizer_table_expansion	TRUE	FALSE	consider table expansion transformation
	_optimizer_trace	none	TRUE	optimizer trace parameter
	_optimizer_transitivity_retain	TRUE	FALSE	retain equi-join pred upon transitive equality pred generation
	_optimizer_try_st_before_jppd	TRUE	FALSE	try Star Transformation before Join Predicate Push Down
	_optimizer_undo_changes	FALSE	TRUE	undo changes to query optimizer
	_optimizer_undo_cost_change	11.2.0.1	FALSE	optimizer undo cost change
	_optimizer_unnest_all_subqueries	TRUE	TRUE	enables unnesting of every type of subquery
	_optimizer_unnest_corr_set_subq	TRUE	FALSE	Unnesting of correlated set subqueries (TRUE/FALSE)
	_optimizer_unnest_disjunctive_subq	TRUE	FALSE	Unnesting of disjunctive subqueries (TRUE/FALSE)
	_optimizer_use_cbqt_star_transformation	TRUE	FALSE	use rewritten star transformation using cbqt framework
	_optimizer_use_feedback	TRUE	FALSE	optimizer use feedback
	_optimizer_use_subheap	TRUE	TRUE	Enables physical optimizer subheap
	_or_expand_nvl_predicate	TRUE	FALSE	enable OR expanded plan for NVL/DECODE predicate
	_oradbg_pathname	%NULL%	TRUE	path of oradbg script
	_oradebug_cmds_at_startup	%NULL%	TRUE	oradebug commands to execute at instance startup
	_oradebug_force	FALSE	TRUE	force target processes to execute oradebug commands?
	_ordered_nested_loop	TRUE	FALSE	enable ordered nested loop costing
	_ordered_semijoin	TRUE	TRUE	enable ordered semi-join subquery
	_orph_cln_interval	1200	TRUE	qmon periodic interval for removed subscriber messages cleanup
	_os_sched_high_priority	1	TRUE	OS high priority level
	_oss_skgxp_udp_dynamic_credit_mgmt	1	TRUE	OSSLIB enable[!0]/disable[0] dynamic credit mgmt for SKGXP-UDP
	_other_wait_event_exclusion	%NULL%	TRUE	exclude event names from _other_wait_threshold calculations
	_other_wait_threshold	0	TRUE	threshold wait percentage for event wait class Other
	_outline_bitmap_tree	TRUE	TRUE	BITMAP_TREE hint enabled in outline
	_outstanding_broadcast_scn_waits	8	TRUE	maximum number of outstanding broadcast SCN waits
	_parallel_adaptive_max_users	1	TRUE	maximum number of users running with default DOP
	_parallel_broadcast_enabled	TRUE	FALSE	enable broadcasting of small inputs to hash and sort merge joins
	_parallel_cluster_cache_pct	80	TRUE	max percentage of the global buffer cache to use for affinity
	_parallel_cluster_cache_policy	ADAPTIVE	TRUE	policy used for parallel execution on cluster(ADAPTIVE/CACHED)
	_parallel_conservative_queuing	FALSE	TRUE	conservative parallel statement queuing
	_parallel_default_max_instances	1	TRUE	default maximum number of instances for parallel query
	_parallel_execution_message_align	FALSE	TRUE	Alignment of PX buffers to OS page boundary
	_parallel_fake_class_pct	0	TRUE	fake db-scheduler percent used for testing
	_parallel_fixwrite_bucket	1000	TRUE	Number of buckets for each round of fix write
	_parallel_load_bal_unit	0	TRUE	number of threads to allocate per instance
	_parallel_load_balancing	TRUE	TRUE	parallel execution load balanced slave allocation
	_parallel_min_message_pool	491520	TRUE	minimum size of shared pool memory to reserve for pq servers
	_parallel_optimization_phase_for_local	FALSE	TRUE	parallel optimization phase when all slaves are local
	_parallel_queuing_max_waitingtime	%NULL%	TRUE	parallel statement queuing: max waiting time in queue
	_parallel_recovery_stopat	32767	TRUE	stop at -position- to step through SMON
	_parallel_replay_msg_limit	4000	TRUE	Number of messages for each round of parallel replay
	_parallel_scalability	50	TRUE	Parallel scalability criterion for parallel execution
	_parallel_server_idle_time	30000	TRUE	idle time before parallel query server dies (in 1/100 sec)
	_parallel_server_sleep_time	10	TRUE	sleep time between dequeue timeouts (in 1/100ths)
	_parallel_slave_acquisition_wait	1	TRUE	time(in seconds) to wait before retrying slave acquisition
	_parallel_statement_queuing	FALSE	TRUE	parallel statement queuing enabled
	_parallel_syspls_obey_force	TRUE	TRUE	TRUE to obey force parallel query/dml/ddl under System PL/SQL
	_parallel_time_unit	10	TRUE	unit of work used to derive the degree of parallelism (in seconds)
	_parallel_txn_global	FALSE	TRUE	enable parallel_txn hint with updates and deletes
	_parallelism_cost_fudge_factor	350	TRUE	set the parallelism cost fudge factor
	_parameter_table_block_size	2048	TRUE	parameter table block size
	_partial_pwise_join_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	enable partial partition-wise join when TRUE
	_partition_view_enabled	TRUE	FALSE	enable/disable partitioned views
	_passwordfile_enqueue_timeout	900	TRUE	password file enqueue timeout in seconds
	_pct_refresh_double_count_prevented	TRUE	TRUE	materialized view PCT refreshes avoid double counting
	_pdml_gim_sampling	5000	TRUE	control separation of global index maintenance for PDML
	_pdml_gim_staggered	FALSE	TRUE	slaves start on different index when doing index maint
	_pdml_slaves_diff_part	TRUE	TRUE	slaves start on different partition when doing index maint
	_percent_flashback_buf_partial_full	50	TRUE	Percent of flashback buffer filled to be considered partial full
	_pga_large_extent_size	1048576	TRUE	PGA large extent size
	_pga_max_size	209715200	TRUE	Maximum size of the PGA memory for one process
	_pgactx_cap_stacks	FALSE	TRUE	capture stacks for setting pgactx
	_pivot_implementation_method	CHOOSE	FALSE	pivot implementation method
	_pkt_enable	FALSE	TRUE	enable progressive kill test
	_pkt_pmon_interval	50	TRUE	PMON process clean-up interval (cs)
	_pkt_start	FALSE	TRUE	start progressive kill test instrumention
	_plan_outline_data	TRUE	TRUE	explain plan outline data enabled
	_plan_verify_improvement_margin	150	TRUE	Performance improvement criterion for evolving plan baselines
	_plan_verify_local_time_limit	0	TRUE	Local time limit to use for an individual plan verification
	_plsql_anon_block_code_type	INTERPRETED	TRUE	PL/SQL anonymous block code-type
	_plsql_cache_enable	TRUE	TRUE	PL/SQL Function Cache Enabled
	_plsql_dump_buffer_events	%NULL%	TRUE	conditions upon which the PL/SQL circular buffer is dumped
	_plsql_max_stack_size	0	TRUE	PL/SQL maximum stack size
	_plsql_minimum_cache_hit_percent	20	TRUE	plsql minimum cache hit percentage required to keep caching active
	_plsql_native_frame_threshold	4294967294	TRUE	Allocate PL/SQL native frames on the heap if size exceeds this value
	_plsql_nvl_optimize	FALSE	TRUE	PL/SQL NVL optimize
	_pmon_dead_blkrs_alive_chk_rate_secs	10	TRUE	rate to check blockers are alive during cleanup (in seconds)
	_pmon_dead_blkrs_max_cleanup_attempts	5	TRUE	max attempts per blocker while checking dead blockers
	_pmon_dead_blkrs_scan_rate_secs	3	TRUE	rate to scan for dead blockers during cleanup (in seconds)
	_pmon_enable_dead_blkrs	FALSE	TRUE	look for dead blockers during PMON cleanup
	_pmon_load_constants	300,192,64,3,10,10,0,0	TRUE	server load balancing constants (S,P,D,I,L,C,M)
	_pqq_debug_txn_act	FALSE	TRUE	pq queuing transaction active
	_pre_rewrite_push_pred	TRUE	FALSE	push predicates into views before rewrite
	_precompute_gid_values	TRUE	TRUE	precompute gid values and copy them before returning a row
	_pred_move_around	TRUE	FALSE	enables predicate move-around
	_predicate_elimination_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	allow predicate elimination if set to TRUE
	_prescomm	FALSE	TRUE	presume commit of IMU transactions
	_print_refresh_schedule	false	TRUE	enable dbms_output of materialized view refresh schedule
	_private_memory_address	%NULL%	TRUE	Start address of large extent memory segment
	_project_view_columns	TRUE	TRUE	enable projecting out unreferenced columns of a view
	_projection_pushdown	TRUE	TRUE	projection pushdown
	_projection_pushdown_debug	0	TRUE	level for projection pushdown debugging
	_prop_old_enabled	FALSE	TRUE	Shift to pre 11g propagation behaviour
	_protect_frame_heaps	FALSE	TRUE	Protect cursor frame heaps
	_push_join_predicate	TRUE	FALSE	enable pushing join predicate inside a view
	_push_join_union_view	TRUE	FALSE	enable pushing join predicate inside a union all view
	_push_join_union_view2	TRUE	FALSE	enable pushing join predicate inside a union view
	_px_async_getgranule	FALSE	TRUE	asynchronous get granule in the slave
	_px_bind_peek_sharing	TRUE	TRUE	enables sharing of px cursors that were built using bind peeking
	_px_broadcast_fudge_factor	100	TRUE	set the tq broadcasting fudge factor percentage
	_px_buffer_ttl	30	TRUE	ttl for px mesg buffers in seconds
	_px_compilation_debug	0	TRUE	debug level for parallel compilation
	_px_compilation_trace	0	TRUE	tracing level for parallel compilation
	_px_dump_12805_source	TRUE	TRUE	enables or disables tracing of 12805 signal source
	_px_dynamic_opt	TRUE	TRUE	turn off/on restartable qerpx dynamic optimization
	_px_dynamic_sample_size	50	TRUE	num of samples for restartable qerpx dynamic optimization
	_px_execution_services_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	enable service-based constraint of px slave allocation
	_px_freelist_latch_divisor	2	TRUE	Divide the computed number of freelists by this power of 2
	_px_gim_factor	100	TRUE	weighted autodop global index maintenance factor
	_px_granule_batch_size	10	TRUE	default size of a batch of granules
	_px_granule_size	1000000	TRUE	default size of a rowid range granule (in KB)
	_px_index_sampling	200	TRUE	parallel query sampling for index create (100000 = 100%)
	_px_index_sampling_objsize	TRUE	TRUE	parallel query sampling for index create based on object size
	_px_io_process_bandwidth	200	TRUE	IO process bandwidth in MB/sec for computing DOP
	_px_io_system_bandwidth	0	TRUE	total IO system bandwidth in MB/sec for computing DOP
	_px_kxib_tracing	0	TRUE	turn on kxib tracing
	_px_load_factor	300	TRUE	weighted autodop load factor
	_px_load_publish_interval	200	TRUE	interval at which LMON will check whether to publish PX load
	_px_loc_msg_cost	1000	TRUE	CPU cost to send a PX message via shared memory
	_px_max_granules_per_slave	100	TRUE	maximum number of rowid range granules to generate per slave
	_px_max_map_val	32	TRUE	Maximum value of rehash mapping for PX
	_px_min_granules_per_slave	13	TRUE	minimum number of rowid range granules to generate per slave
	_px_minus_intersect	TRUE	FALSE	enables pq for minus/interect operators
	_px_net_msg_cost	10000	TRUE	CPU cost to send a PX message over the internconnect
	_px_no_granule_sort	FALSE	TRUE	prevent parallel partition granules to be sorted on size
	_px_no_stealing	FALSE	TRUE	prevent parallel granule stealing in shared nothing environment
	_px_nss_planb	TRUE	TRUE	enables or disables NSS Plan B reparse with outline
	_px_proc_constrain	TRUE	TRUE	reduce parallel_max_servers if greater than (processes - fudge)
	_px_pwg_enabled	TRUE	FALSE	parallel partition wise group by enabled
	_px_rownum_pd	TRUE	TRUE	turn off/on parallel rownum pushdown optimization
	_px_send_timeout	300	TRUE	IPC message send timeout value in seconds
	_px_slaves_share_cursors	0	TRUE	slaves share cursors with QC
	_px_trace	none	TRUE	px trace parameter
	_px_ual_serial_input	TRUE	FALSE	enables new pq for UNION operators
	_px_xtgranule_size	10000	TRUE	default size of a external table granule (in KB)
	_qa_control	0	TRUE	Oracle internal parameter to control QA
	_qa_lrg_type	0	TRUE	Oracle internal parameter to specify QA lrg type
	_query_cost_rewrite	TRUE	TRUE	perform the cost based rewrite with materialized views
	_query_execution_cache_max_size	65536	TRUE	max size of query execution cache
	_query_mmvrewrite_maxcmaps	20	TRUE	query mmv rewrite maximum number of cmaps per dmap in query disjunct
	_query_mmvrewrite_maxdmaps	10	TRUE	query mmv rewrite maximum number of dmaps per query disjunct
	_query_mmvrewrite_maxinlists	5	TRUE	query mmv rewrite maximum number of in-lists per disjunct
	_query_mmvrewrite_maxintervals	5	TRUE	query mmv rewrite maximum number of intervals per disjunct
	_query_mmvrewrite_maxmergedcmaps	50	TRUE	query mmv rewrite maximum number of merged cmaps
	_query_mmvrewrite_maxpreds	10	TRUE	query mmv rewrite maximum number of predicates per disjunct
	_query_mmvrewrite_maxqryinlistvals	500	TRUE	query mmv rewrite maximum number of query in-list values
	_query_mmvrewrite_maxregperm	512	TRUE	query mmv rewrite maximum number of region permutations
	_query_on_physical	TRUE	TRUE	query on physical
	_query_rewrite_1	TRUE	TRUE	perform query rewrite before&after or only before view merging
	_query_rewrite_2	TRUE	TRUE	perform query rewrite before&after or only after view merging
	_query_rewrite_drj	TRUE	TRUE	mv rewrite and drop redundant joins
	_query_rewrite_expression	TRUE	TRUE	rewrite with cannonical form for expressions
	_query_rewrite_fpc	TRUE	TRUE	mv rewrite fresh partition containment
	_query_rewrite_fudge	90	TRUE	cost based query rewrite with MVs fudge factor
	_query_rewrite_jgmigrate	TRUE	TRUE	mv rewrite with jg migration
	_query_rewrite_maxdisjunct	257	TRUE	query rewrite max disjuncts
	_query_rewrite_or_error	FALSE	TRUE	allow query rewrite, if referenced tables are not dataless
	_query_rewrite_setopgrw_enable	TRUE	FALSE	perform general rewrite using set operator summaries
	_query_rewrite_vop_cleanup	TRUE	TRUE	prune frocol chain before rewrite after view-merging
	_queue_buffer_max_dump_len	65536	TRUE	max number of bytes to dump to trace file for queue buffer dump
	_rbr_ckpt_tracing	0	TRUE	Enable reuse block range checkpoint tracing
	_rcfg_disable_verify	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE disables verify at reconfiguration
	_rcfg_parallel_fixwrite	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE enables parallel fixwrite at reconfiguration
	_rcfg_parallel_replay	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE enables parallel replay and cleanup at reconfiguration
	_rcfg_parallel_verify	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE enables parallel verify at reconfiguration
	_rdbms_compatibility	10.1	TRUE	default RDBMS compatibility level
	_rdbms_internal_fplib_enabled	FALSE	TRUE	enable CELL FPLIB filtering within rdbms
	_rdbms_internal_fplib_raise_errors	FALSE	TRUE	enable reraising of any exceptions in CELL FPLIB
	_readable_standby_sync_timeout	10	TRUE	readable standby query scn sync timeout
	_real_time_apply_sim	0	TRUE	Simulation value with real time apply
	_realfree_heap_max_size	32768	TRUE	minimum max total heap size, in Kbytes
	_realfree_heap_mode	0	TRUE	mode flags for real-free heap
	_realfree_heap_pagesize_hint	65536	TRUE	hint for real-free page size in bytes
	_recoverable_recovery_batch_percent	50	TRUE	Recoverable recovery batch size (percentage of buffer cache)
	_recovery_asserts	FALSE	TRUE	if TRUE, enable expensive integrity checks
	_recovery_percentage	50	TRUE	recovery buffer cache percentage
	_recovery_skip_cfseq_check	FALSE	TRUE	allow media recovery even if controlfile seq check fails
	_recovery_verify_writes	FALSE	TRUE	enable thread recovery write verify
	_recursive_imu_transactions	FALSE	TRUE	recursive transactions may be IMU
	_recursive_with_max_recursion_level	0	TRUE	check for maximum level of recursion instead of checking for cycles
	_redo_compatibility_check	FALSE	TRUE	general and redo/undo compatibility sanity check
	_redo_read_from_memory	TRUE	TRUE	Enable reading redo from in-memory log buffer
	_redo_transport_compress_all	TRUE	TRUE	Is ASYNC LNS compression allowed?
	_redo_transport_max_stall_time	240	TRUE	Maximum stall time before redo tranport process is terminated
	_redo_transport_stream_test	TRUE	TRUE	test stream connection?
	_redo_transport_stream_writes	TRUE	TRUE	Stream network writes?
	_redo_transport_vio_size_req	4294967294	TRUE	VIO size requirement
	_reduce_sby_log_scan	TRUE	TRUE	enable stabdby log scan optimization
	_release_insert_threshold	5	TRUE	maximum number of unusable blocks to unlink from freelist
	_reliable_block_sends	FALSE	TRUE	if TRUE, block sends across interconnect are reliable
	_remove_aggr_subquery	TRUE	FALSE	enables removal of subsumed aggregated subquery
	_rep_base_path	%NULL%	TRUE	base path for EM reports in database
	_replace_virtual_columns	TRUE	FALSE	replace expressions with virtual columns
	_resource_manager_always_off	FALSE	TRUE	disable the resource manager always
	_resource_manager_always_on	TRUE	TRUE	enable the resource manager always
	_restore_maxopenfiles	8	TRUE	restore assumption for maxopenfiles
	_restore_spfile	%NULL%	TRUE	restore spfile to this location
	_result_cache_auto_execution_threshold	1	TRUE	result cache auto execution threshold
	_result_cache_auto_size_threshold	100	TRUE	result cache auto max size allowed
	_result_cache_auto_time_distance	300	TRUE	result cache auto time distance
	_result_cache_auto_time_threshold	1000	TRUE	result cache auto time threshold
	_result_cache_block_size	1024	TRUE	result cache block size
	_result_cache_global	TRUE	TRUE	Are results available globally across RAC?
	_result_cache_timeout	10	TRUE	maximum time (sec) a session waits for a result
	_reuse_index_loop	5	TRUE	number of blocks being examine for index block reuse
	_right_outer_hash_enable	TRUE	FALSE	Right Outer/Semi/Anti Hash Enabled
	_rm_cluster_interconnects	%NULL%	TRUE	interconnects for RAC use (RM)
	_rm_numa_sched_enable	TRUE	TRUE	Is Resource Manager (RM) related NUMA scheduled policy enabled
	_rm_numa_simulation_cpus	0	TRUE	number of cpus for each pg for numa simulation in resource manager
	_rm_numa_simulation_pgs	0	TRUE	number of PGs for numa simulation in resource manager
	_rman_io_priority	3	TRUE	priority at which rman backup i/o’s are done
	_rman_restore_through_link	FALSE	TRUE	RMAN restore through link
	_rollback_segment_count	0	TRUE	number of undo segments
	_rollback_segment_initial	1	TRUE	starting undo segment number
	_rollback_stopat	0	TRUE	stop at -position to step rollback
	_row_cache_cursors	20	TRUE	number of cached cursors for row cache management
	_row_cr	TRUE	TRUE	enable row cr for all sql
	_row_locking	always	TRUE	row-locking
	_row_shipping_explain	FALSE	TRUE	enable row shipping explain plan support
	_row_shipping_threshold	80	TRUE	row shipping column selection threshold
	_rowsource_execution_statistics	FALSE	TRUE	if TRUE, Oracle will collect rowsource statistics
	_rowsource_profiling_statistics	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE, Oracle will capture active row sources in v$active_session_history
	_rowsource_statistics_sampfreq	128	TRUE	frequency of rowsource statistic sampling (must be a power of 2)
	_rowsrc_trace_level	0	TRUE	Row source tree tracing level
	_rta_sync_wait_timeout	10	TRUE	RTA sync wait timeout
	_rtc_infeasible_threshold	25	TRUE	Redo Transport Compression infeasible threshold
	_sample_rows_per_block	4	TRUE	number of rows per block used for sampling IO optimization
	_scatter_gcs_resources	FALSE	TRUE	if TRUE, gcs resources are scattered uniformly across sub pools
	_scatter_gcs_shadows	FALSE	TRUE	if TRUE, gcs shadows are scattered uniformly across sub pools
	_scn_wait_interface_max_backoff_time_secs	600	TRUE	max exponential backoff time for scn wait interface in kta
	_scn_wait_interface_max_timeout_secs	2147483647	TRUE	max timeout for scn wait interface in kta
	_sdiag_crash	NONE	TRUE	sql diag crash
	_sec_enable_test_rpcs	FALSE	TRUE	Whether to enable the test RPCs
	_second_spare_parameter	%NULL%	TRUE	second spare parameter - integer
	_securefile_timers	FALSE	TRUE	collect kdlu timers and accumulate per layers
	_securefiles_concurrency_estimate	12	TRUE	securefiles concurrency estimate
	_select_any_dictionary_security_enabled	FALSE	TRUE	Exclude user$ from SELECT ANY DICTIONARY system privilege
	_selectivity_for_srf_enabled	FALSE	TRUE	enable/disable selectivity for storage reduction factor
	_selfjoin_mv_duplicates	TRUE	FALSE	control rewrite self-join algorithm
	_selftune_checkpoint_write_pct	3	TRUE	Percentage of total physical i/os for self-tune ckpt
	_selftune_checkpointing_lag	300	TRUE	Self-tune checkpointing lag the tail of the redo log
	_send_ast_to_foreground	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE, send ast message to foreground
	_send_close_with_block	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE, send close with block even with direct sends
	_send_requests_to_pi	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE, try to send CR requests to PI buffers
	_serial_direct_read	FALSE	TRUE	enable direct read in serial
	_serial_recovery	FALSE	TRUE	force serial recovery or parallel recovery
	_serializable	FALSE	TRUE	serializable
	_serialize_lgwr_sync_io	FALSE	TRUE	Serialize LGWR SYNC local and remote io
	_session_allocation_latches	1	TRUE	one latch per group of sessions
	_session_cached_instantiations	60	TRUE	Number of pl/sql instantiations to cache in a session.
	_session_context_size	10000	TRUE	session app context size
	_session_idle_bit_latches	0	TRUE	one latch per session or a latch per group of sessions
	_session_wait_history	10	TRUE	enable session wait history collection
	_seventh_spare_parameter	%NULL%	TRUE	seventh spare parameter - string list
	_sga_clear_dump	FALSE	TRUE	Allow dumping encrypted blocks in clear for debugging
	_sga_early_trace	0	TRUE	sga early trace event
	_sga_locking	none	TRUE	sga granule locking state
	_shared_io_pool_buf_size	1048576	TRUE	Shared IO pool buffer size
	_shared_io_pool_debug_trc	0	TRUE	trace kcbi debug info to tracefile
	_shared_io_pool_size	0	TRUE	Size of shared IO pool
	_shared_io_set_value	FALSE	TRUE	shared io pool size set internal value - overwrite zero user size
	_shared_iop_max_size	536870912	TRUE	maximum shared io pool size
	_shared_pool_max_size	0	TRUE	shared pool maximum size when auto SGA enabled
	_shared_pool_minsize_on	FALSE	TRUE	shared pool minimum size when auto SGA enabled
	_shared_pool_reserved_min_alloc	4400	TRUE	minimum allocation size in bytes for reserved area of shared pool
	_shared_pool_reserved_pct	5	TRUE	percentage memory of the shared pool allocated for the reserved area
	_shared_server_load_balance	0	TRUE	shared server load balance
	_shared_server_num_queues	1	TRUE	number of shared server common queues
	_shmprotect	0	TRUE	allow mprotect use for shared memory
	_short_stack_timeout_ms	30000	TRUE	short stack timeout in ms
	_shrunk_aggs_disable_threshold	60	TRUE	percentage of exceptions at which to switch to full length aggs
	_shrunk_aggs_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	enable use of variable sized buffers for non-distinct aggregates
	_side_channel_batch_size	200	TRUE	number of messages to batch in a side channel message (DFS)
	_side_channel_batch_timeout	6	TRUE	timeout before shipping out the batched side channelmessages in seconds
	_side_channel_batch_timeout_ms	500	TRUE	timeout before shipping out the batched side channelmessages in milliseconds
	_simple_view_merging	TRUE	TRUE	control simple view merging performed by the optimizer
	_simulate_disk_sectorsize	0	TRUE	Enables skgfr to report simulated disk sector size
	_simulate_mem_transfer	FALSE	TRUE	simulate auto memory sga/pga transfers
	_simulator_bucket_mindelta	8192	TRUE	LRU bucket minimum delta
	_simulator_internal_bound	10	TRUE	simulator internal bound percent
	_simulator_lru_rebalance_sizthr	5	TRUE	LRU list rebalance threshold (size)
	_simulator_lru_rebalance_thresh	10240	TRUE	LRU list rebalance threshold (count)
	_simulator_lru_scan_count	8	TRUE	LRU scan count
	_simulator_pin_inval_maxcnt	16	TRUE	maximum count of invalid chunks on pin list
	_simulator_reserved_heap_count	4096	TRUE	simulator reserved heap count
	_simulator_reserved_obj_count	1024	TRUE	simulator reserved object count
	_simulator_sampling_factor	2	TRUE	sampling factor for the simulator
	_simulator_upper_bound_multiple	2	TRUE	upper bound multiple of pool size
	_single_process	FALSE	TRUE	run without detached processes
	_siop_flashback_scandepth	20	TRUE	Shared IO pool flashback io completion scan depth
	_sixth_spare_parameter	%NULL%	TRUE	sixth spare parameter - string list
	_skgxp_ctx_flags1	0	TRUE	IPC debug options flags (oss)
	_skgxp_ctx_flags1mask	0	TRUE	IPC debug options flags mask (oss)
	_skgxp_dynamic_protocol	0	TRUE	IPC protocol override (!0/-1=*,2=UDP,3=RDS,0x1000=ipc_X)
	_skgxp_gen_ant_off_rpc_timeout_in_sec	30	TRUE	VRPC request timeout when ANT disabled
	_skgxp_gen_ant_ping_misscount	3	TRUE	ANT protocol ping miss count
	_skgxp_gen_rpc_no_path_check_in_sec	5	TRUE	ANT ping protocol miss count
	_skgxp_gen_rpc_timeout_in_sec	300	TRUE	VRPC request timeout when ANT enabled
	_skgxp_inets	%NULL%	TRUE	limit SKGXP networks
	_skgxp_min_rpc_rcv_zcpy_len	0	TRUE	IPC threshold for rpc rcv zcpy operation (default = 0 - disabled)
	_skgxp_min_zcpy_len	0	TRUE	IPC threshold for zcpy operation (default = 0 - disabled)
	_skgxp_reaping	1000	TRUE	tune skgxp OSD reaping limit
	_skgxp_rgn_ports	0	TRUE	region socket limits (0xFFFFNNXX): F=flags, N=min, X=max
	_skgxp_spare_param1	%NULL%	TRUE	ipc oss spare parameter 1
	_skgxp_spare_param2	%NULL%	TRUE	ipc oss spare parameter 2
	_skgxp_spare_param3	%NULL%	TRUE	ipc oss spare parameter 3
	_skgxp_spare_param4	%NULL%	TRUE	ipc oss spare parameter 4
	_skgxp_spare_param5	%NULL%	TRUE	ipc oss spare parameter 5
	_skgxp_udp_ach_reaping_time	120	TRUE	time in minutes before idle ach’s are reaped
	_skgxp_udp_ack_delay	0	TRUE	Enables delayed acks
	_skgxp_udp_enable_dynamic_credit_mgmt	0	TRUE	Enables dynamic credit management
	_skgxp_udp_hiwat_warn	1000	TRUE	ach hiwat mark warning interval
	_skgxp_udp_interface_detection_time_secs	60	TRUE	time in seconds between interface detection checks
	_skgxp_udp_keep_alive_ping_timer_secs	300	TRUE	connection idle time in seconds before keep alive is initiated. min: 30 sec max: 1800 sec default: 300 sec
	_skgxp_udp_lmp_mtusize	0	TRUE	MTU size for UDP LMP testing
	_skgxp_udp_lmp_on	FALSE	TRUE	enable UDP long message protection
	_skgxp_udp_timed_wait_buffering	1024	TRUE	diagnostic log buffering space (in bytes) for timed wait (0 means unbufferd
	_skgxp_udp_timed_wait_seconds	5	TRUE	time in seconds before timed wait is invoked
	_skgxp_udp_use_tcb	TRUE	TRUE	disable use of high speek timer
	_skgxp_zcpy_flags	0	TRUE	IPC zcpy options flags
	_skgxpg_last_parameter	26	TRUE	last defined skgxpg parameter - oss
	_skip_assume_msg	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE, skip assume message for consigns at the master
	_slave_mapping_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	enable slave mapping when TRUE
	_slave_mapping_group_size	0	TRUE	force the number of slave group in a slave mapper
	_slave_mapping_skew_ratio	2	TRUE	maximum skew before slave mapping is disabled
	_small_table_threshold	520	TRUE	lower threshold level of table size for direct reads
	_smm_advice_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE, enable v$pga_advice
	_smm_advice_log_size	0	TRUE	overwrites default size of the PGA advice workarea history log
	_smm_auto_cost_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE, use the AUTO size policy cost functions
	_smm_auto_max_io_size	248	TRUE	Maximum IO size (in KB) used by sort/hash-join in auto mode
	_smm_auto_min_io_size	56	TRUE	Minimum IO size (in KB) used by sort/hash-join in auto mode
	_smm_bound	0	TRUE	overwrites memory manager automatically computed bound
	_smm_control	0	TRUE	provides controls on the memory manager
	_smm_freeable_retain	5120	TRUE	value in KB of the instance freeable PGA memory to retain
	_smm_isort_cap	102400	TRUE	maximum work area for insertion sort(v1)
	_smm_max_size	13107	FALSE	maximum work area size in auto mode (serial)
	_smm_min_size	128	FALSE	minimum work area size in auto mode
	_smm_px_max_size	32768	FALSE	maximum work area size in auto mode (global)
	_smm_retain_size	0	TRUE	work area retain size in SGA for shared server sessions (0 for AUTO)
	_smm_trace	0	TRUE	Turn on/off tracing for SQL memory manager
	_smon_internal_errlimit	100	TRUE	limit of SMON internal errors
	_smon_undo_seg_rescan_limit	10	TRUE	limit of SMON continous undo segments re-scan
	_smu_debug_mode	0	TRUE	- set debug event for testing SMU operations
	_smu_error_simulation_site	0	TRUE	site ID of error simulation in KTU code
	_smu_error_simulation_type	0	TRUE	error type for error simulation in KTU code
	_smu_timeouts	%NULL%	TRUE	comma-separated AND double-quoted list of AUM timeouts: mql, tur, sess_exprn, qry_exprn, slot_intvl
	_sort_elimination_cost_ratio	0	TRUE	cost ratio for sort eimination under first_rows mode
	_sort_multiblock_read_count	2	TRUE	multi-block read count for sort
	_sort_spill_threshold	0	TRUE	force sort to spill to disk each time this many rows are received
	_space_align_size	1048576	TRUE	space align size
	_spare_test_parameter	0	TRUE	Spare test parameter
	_spawn_diag_opts	0	TRUE	thread spawn diagnostic options
	_spawn_diag_thresh_secs	30	TRUE	thread spawn diagnostic minimal threshold in seconds
	_spin_count	1	TRUE	Amount to spin waiting for a latch
	_spr_max_rules	10000	TRUE	maximum number of rules in sql spreadsheet
	_spr_push_pred_refspr	TRUE	TRUE	push predicates through reference spreadsheet
	_spr_use_AW_AS	TRUE	TRUE	enable AW for hash table in spreadsheet
	_spr_use_hash_table	FALSE	TRUE	use hash table for spreadsheet
	_sql_analyze_enable_auto_txn	FALSE	TRUE	SQL Analyze Autonomous Transaction control parameter
	_sql_analyze_parse_model	2	TRUE	SQL Analyze Parse Model control parameter
	_sql_compatibility	0	TRUE	sql compatability bit vector
	_sql_connect_capability_override	0	TRUE	SQL Connect Capability Table Override
	_sql_connect_capability_table	%NULL%	TRUE	SQL Connect Capability Table (testing only)
	_sql_hash_debug	0	TRUE	Hash value of the SQL statement to debug
	_sql_model_unfold_forloops	RUN_TIME	FALSE	specifies compile-time unfolding of sql model forloops
	_sql_ncg_mode	OFF	TRUE	Optimization mode for SQL NCG
	_sql_plan_management_control	0	TRUE	controls various internal SQL Plan Management algorithms
	_sqlexec_progression_cost	1000	TRUE	sql execution progression monitoring cost threshold
	_sqlmon_binds_xml_format	default	TRUE	format of column binds_xml in [G]V$SQL_MONITOR
	_sqlmon_max_plan	20	TRUE	Maximum number of plans entry that can be monitored. Defaults to 20 per CPU
	_sqlmon_max_planlines	300	TRUE	Number of plan lines beyond which a plan cannot be monitored
	_sqlmon_recycle_time	60	TRUE	Minimum time (in s) to wait before a plan entry can be recycled
	_sqlmon_threshold	5	TRUE	CPU/IO time threshold before a statement is monitored. 0 is disabled
	_sqltune_category_parsed	DEFAULT	FALSE	Parsed category qualifier for applying hintsets
	_srvntfn_job_deq_timeout	60	TRUE	srvntfn job deq timeout
	_srvntfn_jobsubmit_interval	3	TRUE	srvntfn job submit interval
	_srvntfn_max_concurrent_jobs	20	TRUE	srvntfn max concurrent jobs
	_srvntfn_q_msgcount	50	TRUE	srvntfn q msg count for job exit
	_srvntfn_q_msgcount_inc	100	TRUE	srvntfn q msg count increase for job submit
	_sscr_dir	%NULL%	TRUE	Session State Capture and Restore DIRectory object
	_sscr_osdir	%NULL%	TRUE	Session State Capture and Restore OS DIRectory
	_sta_control	0	TRUE	SQL Tuning Advisory control parameter
	_stack_guard_level	0	TRUE	stack guard level
	_standby_causal_heartbeat_timeout	2	TRUE	readable standby causal heartbeat timeout
	_standby_flush_mode	SLFLUSH	TRUE	standby flush mode
	_standby_switchover_timeout	120	TRUE	Number of secords for standby switchover enqueue timeout
	_static_backgrounds	%NULL%	TRUE	static backgrounds
	_statistics_based_srf_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	enable/disable the use of statistics for storage reduction factor
	_step_down_limit_in_pct	1	TRUE	step down limit in percentage
	_streams_pool_max_size	0	TRUE	streams pool maximum size when auto SGA enabled
	_subquery_pruning_cost_factor	20	TRUE	subquery pruning cost factor
	_subquery_pruning_enabled	TRUE	FALSE	enable the use of subquery predicates to perform pruning
	_subquery_pruning_mv_enabled	FALSE	FALSE	enable the use of subquery predicates with MVs to perform pruning
	_subquery_pruning_reduction	50	TRUE	subquery pruning reduction factor
	_swrf_metric_frequent_mode	FALSE	TRUE	Enable/disable SWRF Metric Frequent Mode Collection
	_swrf_mmon_dbfus	TRUE	TRUE	Enable/disable SWRF MMON DB Feature Usage
	_swrf_mmon_flush	TRUE	TRUE	Enable/disable SWRF MMON FLushing
	_swrf_mmon_metrics	TRUE	TRUE	Enable/disable SWRF MMON Metrics Collection
	_swrf_on_disk_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	Parameter to enable/disable SWRF
	_swrf_test_action	0	TRUE	test action parameter for SWRF
	_swrf_test_dbfus	FALSE	TRUE	Enable/disable DB Feature Usage Testing
	_synonym_repoint_tracing	FALSE	TRUE	whether to trace metadata comparisons for synonym repointing
	_sysaux_test_param	1	TRUE	test parameter for SYSAUX
	_system_api_interception_debug	FALSE	TRUE	enable debug tracing for system api interception
	_system_index_caching	0	TRUE	optimizer percent system index caching
	_system_trig_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	are system triggers enabled
	_ta_lns_wait_for_arch_log	20	TRUE	LNS Wait time for arhcived version of online log
	_table_lookup_prefetch_size	40	TRUE	table lookup prefetch vector size
	_table_lookup_prefetch_thresh	2	TRUE	table lookup prefetch threshold
	_table_scan_cost_plus_one	TRUE	FALSE	bump estimated full table scan and index ffs cost by one
	_tablespaces_per_transaction	10	TRUE	estimated number of tablespaces manipulated by each transaction
	_target_rba_max_lag_percentage	81	TRUE	target rba max log lag percentage
	_tdb_debug_mode	16	TRUE	set debug mode for testing transportable database
	_temp_tran_block_threshold	100	TRUE	number of blocks for a dimension before we temp transform
	_temp_tran_cache	TRUE	TRUE	determines if temp table is created with cache option
	_test_ksusigskip	5	TRUE	test the function ksusigskip
	_test_param_1	25	TRUE	test parmeter 1 - integer
	_test_param_2	%NULL%	TRUE	test parameter 2 - string
	_test_param_3	%NULL%	TRUE	test parameter 3 - string
	_test_param_4	%NULL%	TRUE	test parameter 4 - string list
	_test_param_5	25	TRUE	test parmeter 5 - deprecated integer
	_test_param_6	0	TRUE	test parmeter 6 - size (ub8)
	_third_spare_parameter	%NULL%	TRUE	third spare parameter - integer
	_threshold_alerts_enable	1	TRUE	if 1, issue threshold-based alerts
	_timemodel_collection	TRUE	TRUE	enable timemodel collection
	_timeout_actions_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	enables or disables KSU timeout actions
	_timer_precision	10	TRUE	VKTM sleep time in milli-sec
	_total_large_extent_memory	0	TRUE	Total memory for allocating large extents
	_tq_dump_period	0	TRUE	time period for duping of TQ statistics (s)
	_trace_buffer_wait_timeouts	0	TRUE	trace buffer busy wait timeouts
	_trace_buffers	ALL:256	TRUE	trace buffer sizes per process
	_trace_dump_all_procs	FALSE	TRUE	if TRUE on error buckets of all processes will be dumped to the current trace file
	_trace_dump_client_buckets	TRUE	TRUE	if TRUE dump client (ie. non-kst) buckets
	_trace_dump_cur_proc_only	FALSE	TRUE	if TRUE on error just dump our process bucket
	_trace_dump_static_only	FALSE	TRUE	if TRUE filter trace dumps to always loaded dlls
	_trace_events	%NULL%	TRUE	trace events enabled at startup
	_trace_files_public	FALSE	TRUE	Create publicly accessible trace files
	_trace_kqlidp	FALSE	TRUE	trace kqlidp0 operation
	_trace_navigation_scope	global	TRUE	enabling trace navigation linking
	_trace_pin_time	0	TRUE	trace how long a current pin is held
	_trace_pool_size	%NULL%	TRUE	trace pool size in bytes
	_trace_processes	ALL	TRUE	enable KST tracing in process
	_trace_virtual_columns	FALSE	TRUE	trace virtual columns exprs
	_transaction_auditing	TRUE	TRUE	transaction auditing records generated in the redo log
	_transaction_recovery_servers	0	TRUE	max number of parallel recovery slaves that may be used
	_transient_logical_clear_hold_mrp_bit	FALSE	TRUE	clear KCCDI2HMRP flag during standby recovery
	_truncate_optimization_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	do truncate optimization if set to TRUE
	_tsenc_tracing	0	TRUE	Enable TS encryption tracing
	_tsm_connect_string	%NULL%	TRUE	TSM test connect string
	_tsm_disable_auto_cleanup	1	TRUE	Disable TSM auto cleanup actions
	_tstz_localtime_bypass	FALSE	TRUE	Should TTC not convert to LocalTime to preserve Timestamp with Timezone values
	_tts_allow_charset_mismatch	FALSE	TRUE	allow plugging in a tablespace with an incompatible character set
	_two_pass	TRUE	TRUE	enable two-pass thread recovery
	_two_pass_reverse_polish_enabled	TRUE	TRUE	uses two-pass reverse polish alg. to generate canonical forms
	_uga_cga_large_extent_size	262144	TRUE	UGA/CGA large extent size
	_ultrafast_latch_statistics	TRUE	TRUE	maintain fast-path statistics for ultrafast latches
	_undo_autotune	TRUE	TRUE	enable auto tuning of undo_retention
	_undo_block_compression	TRUE	TRUE	enable undo block compression
	_undo_debug_mode	0	TRUE	debug flag for undo related operations
	_undo_debug_usage	0	TRUE	invoke undo usage functions for testing
	_union_rewrite_for_gs	YES_GSET_MVS	FALSE	expand queries with GSets into UNIONs for rewrite
	_unnest_subquery	TRUE	FALSE	enables unnesting of complex subqueries
	_unused_block_compression	TRUE	TRUE	enable unused block compression
	_update_datafile_headers_with_space_information	FALSE	TRUE	user requested update of datafile headers of locally managed datafiles with space information
	_use_adaptive_log_file_sync	FALSE	TRUE	Adaptively switch between post/wait and polling
	_use_best_fit	FALSE	TRUE	use best fit to allocate space
	_use_column_stats_for_function	TRUE	FALSE	enable the use of column statistics for DDP functions
	_use_ism	TRUE	TRUE	Enable Shared Page Tables - ISM
	_use_ism_for_pga	TRUE	TRUE	Use ISM for allocating large extents
	_use_nosegment_indexes	FALSE	TRUE	use nosegment indexes in explain plan
	_use_platform_compression_lib	FALSE	TRUE	Enable platform optimized compression implementation
	_use_realfree_heap	TRUE	TRUE	use real-free based allocator for PGA memory
	_use_seq_process_cache	TRUE	TRUE	whether to use process local seq cache
	_use_vector_post	TRUE	TRUE	use vector post
	_use_zero_copy_io	TRUE	TRUE	Should network vector IO interface be used for data transfer
	_validate_flashback_database	FALSE	TRUE	Scan database to validate result of flashback database
	_validate_readmem_redo	OFF	TRUE	validate redo blocks read from in-memory log buffer
	_vendor_lib_loc	%NULL%	TRUE	Vendor library search root directory
	_verify_flashback_redo	TRUE	TRUE	Verify that the redo logs needed for flashback are available
	_verify_undo_quota	FALSE	TRUE	TRUE - verify consistency of undo quota statistics
	_very_large_object_threshold	500	TRUE	upper threshold level of object size for direct reads
	_very_large_partitioned_table	1024	TRUE	very_large_partitioned_table
	_virtual_column_overload_allowed	TRUE	TRUE	overload virtual columns expression
	_vkrm_schedule_interval	10	TRUE	VKRM scheduling interval
	_wait_breakup_threshold_csecs	600	TRUE	Wait breakup threshold (in centiseconds)
	_wait_breakup_time_csecs	300	TRUE	Wait breakup time (in centiseconds)
	_wait_for_sync	TRUE	TRUE	wait for sync on commit MUST BE ALWAYS TRUE
	_wait_samples_max_sections	40	TRUE	Wait Samples maximum sections
	_wait_samples_max_time_secs	120	TRUE	Wait Samples maximum time in seconds
	_wait_tracker_interval_secs	10	TRUE	Wait Tracker number of seconds per interval
	_wait_tracker_num_intervals	0	TRUE	Wait Tracker number of intervals
	_walk_insert_threshold	0	TRUE	maximum number of unusable blocks to walk across freelist
	_watchpoint_on	FALSE	TRUE	is the watchpointing feature turned on?
	_wcr_control	0	TRUE	Oracle internal test WCR parameter used ONLY for testing!
	_windowfunc_optimization_settings	0	TRUE	settings for window function optimizations
	_with_subquery	OPTIMIZER	TRUE	WITH subquery transformation
	_write_clones	3	TRUE	write clones flag
	_xpl_peeked_binds_log_size	8192	TRUE	maximum bytes for logging peeked bind values for V$SQL_PLAN (0 = OFF)
	_xpl_trace	0	TRUE	Explain Plan tracing parameter
	_xsolapi_auto_materialization_bound	20	TRUE	OLAP API lower bound for auto materialization.
	_xsolapi_auto_materialization_type	PRED_AND_RC	TRUE	OLAP API behavior for auto materialization
	_xsolapi_build_trace	FALSE	TRUE	OLAP API output build info to trace file
	_xsolapi_debug_output	SUPPRESS	TRUE	OLAP API debug output disposition
	_xsolapi_densify_cubes	TABULAR	TRUE	OLAP API cube densification
	_xsolapi_dimension_group_creation	OVERFETCH	TRUE	OLAP API symmetric overfetch
	_xsolapi_dml_trace	%NULL%	TRUE	OLAP API output dml commands and expressions to trace file
	_xsolapi_fetch_type	PARTIAL	TRUE	OLAP API fetch type
	_xsolapi_fix_vptrs	TRUE	TRUE	OLAP API Enable vptr fixing logic in shared server mode
	_xsolapi_generate_with_clause	FALSE	TRUE	OLAP API generates WITH clause?
	_xsolapi_hierarchy_value_type	unique	TRUE	OLAP API hierarchy value type
	_xsolapi_load_at_process_start	NEVER	TRUE	When to load OLAP API library at server process start
	_xsolapi_materialization_rowcache_min_rows_for_use	1	TRUE	OLAP API min number of rows required to use rowcache in query materialization
	_xsolapi_materialize_sources	TRUE	TRUE	OLAP API Enable source materialization
	_xsolapi_metadata_reader_mode	DEFAULT	TRUE	OLAP API metadata reader mode
	_xsolapi_odbo_mode	FALSE	TRUE	OLAP API uses ODBO mode?
	_xsolapi_opt_aw_position	TRUE	TRUE	OLAP API enables AW position and count optimization?
	_xsolapi_optimize_suppression	TRUE	TRUE	OLAP API optimizes suppressions?
	_xsolapi_precompute_subquery	TRUE	TRUE	OLAP API precomputes subqueries?
	_xsolapi_remove_columns_for_materialization	TRUE	TRUE	OLAP API removes columns for materialization?
	_xsolapi_set_nls	TRUE	TRUE	OLAP API sets NLS?
	_xsolapi_share_executors	TRUE	TRUE	OLAP API share executors?
	_xsolapi_source_trace	FALSE	TRUE	OLAP API output Source definitions to trace file
	_xsolapi_sql_all_multi_join_non_base_hints	%NULL%	TRUE	OLAP API multi-join non-base hints
	_xsolapi_sql_all_non_base_hints	%NULL%	TRUE	OLAP API non-base hints
	_xsolapi_sql_auto_dimension_hints	FALSE	TRUE	OLAP API enable automatic dimension hints
	_xsolapi_sql_auto_measure_hints	TRUE	TRUE	OLAP API enable automatic measure hints
	_xsolapi_sql_dimension_hints	%NULL%	TRUE	OLAP API dimension hints
	_xsolapi_sql_enable_aw_join	TRUE	TRUE	OLAP API enables AW join?
	_xsolapi_sql_enable_aw_qdr_merge	TRUE	TRUE	OLAP API enables AW QDR merge?
	_xsolapi_sql_hints	%NULL%	TRUE	OLAP API generic hints
	_xsolapi_sql_measure_hints	%NULL%	TRUE	OLAP API measure hints
	_xsolapi_sql_minus_threshold	1000	TRUE	OLAP API SQL MINUS threshold
	_xsolapi_sql_optimize	TRUE	TRUE	OLAP API enable optimization
	_xsolapi_sql_prepare_stmt_cache_size	16	TRUE	OLAP API prepare statement cache size
	_xsolapi_sql_remove_columns	TRUE	TRUE	OLAP API enable remove unused columns optimizations
	_xsolapi_sql_result_set_cache_size	32	TRUE	OLAP API result set cache size
	_xsolapi_sql_symmetric_predicate	TRUE	TRUE	OLAP API enable symmetric predicate for dimension groups
	_xsolapi_sql_top_dimension_hints	%NULL%	TRUE	OLAP API top dimension hints
	_xsolapi_sql_top_measure_hints	%NULL%	TRUE	OLAP API top measure hints
	_xsolapi_sql_use_bind_variables	TRUE	TRUE	OLAP API enable bind variables optimization
	_xsolapi_stringify_order_levels	FALSE	TRUE	OLAP API stringifies order levels?
	_xsolapi_support_mtm	FALSE	TRUE	OLAP API MTM mapping classes supported?
	_xsolapi_suppression_aw_mask_threshold	1000	TRUE	OLAP API suppression AW mask threshold
	_xsolapi_suppression_chunk_size	4000	TRUE	OLAP API suppression chunk size
	_xsolapi_use_models	TRUE	TRUE	OLAP API uses models?
	_xsolapi_use_olap_dml	TRUE	TRUE	OLAP API uses OLAP DML?
	_xsolapi_use_olap_dml_for_rank	TRUE	TRUE	OLAP API uses OLAP DML for rank?
	_xt_coverage	none	TRUE	external tables code coverage parameter
	_xt_trace	none	TRUE	external tables trace parameter
	_xtbuffer_size	0	TRUE	buffer size in KB needed for populate/query operation
	_xtts_allow_pre10	FALSE	TRUE	allow cross platform for pre10 compatible tablespace
	_xtts_set_platform_info	FALSE	TRUE	set cross platform info during file header read

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